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How much protein a day to eat?

How much protein a day to eat? Find out your requirements

Look after the protein in your diet whether you are on a weight gain, weight reduction or weight maintenance.

AuthorNina Wawryszuk

Author

Nina Wawryszuk

Natu.Care Editor

Nina Wawryszuk specialises in sports supplementation, strength training and psychosomatics. On a daily basis, in addition to writing articles for Natu.Care, as a personal trainer she helps athletes improve their performance through training, diet and supplementation.

Learn more about our editorial process

Reviewed byKuba Pągowski

Verified by an expert

Reviewed by

Kuba Pągowski

Clinical nutritionist

Clinical nutritionist and trainer. Specialises in working with athletes of all disciplines.

Learn more about our editorial process

Edited byBart Turczynski

Edited by

Bart Turczynski

Editor-in-Chief

Bart Turczynski is the editor-in-chief of Natu.Care. He is responsible for the quality of the content created on Natu.Care, among others, and ensures that all articles are based on sound scientific research and consulted with industry specialists.

Learn more about our editorial process

Fact-checkingEmilia Moskal

Fact-checking

Emilia Moskal

Natu.Care Editor

Emilia Moskal specialises in medical and psychological texts, including content for medical entities. She is a fan of simple language and reader-friendly communication. At Natu.Care, she writes educational articles.

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How much protein a day to eat? Find out your requirements

Updated:19 November, 2024

14 min

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Even if your goal is not 50 cm in the paw, you need to look after the protein in your diet. Talk of protein is dominated by muscle, but the body needs it not only there.

Statistics show that many Poles can't tell how much protein they should be eating per day and don't know how much they are actually getting. No more eating in the dark. Together with nutritionist Kuba Pągowski, we will help you count how much protein you need - taking into account your goal and health situation.

From this article you will learn:

How much protein per day you need to consume.
How much protein to eat.
How much protein to eat on a mass, but how much on a reduction.
How to calculate the protein requirements of your diet.
How to calculate the protein requirements of your diet.
How to spread your protein intake throughout the day.
How to calculate your protein intake.

See also:

Daily protein requirements

The daily requirement for protein ranges from 1 g to 2.2 g per kg of body weight and is dependent on age, health, activity level and body composition goalsand.

Adequate dietary protein is important for the proper functioning of your body. Proteins are essential for many of the processes that occur in the body, such as the production of enzymes and hormones, tissue repair and regulation of metabolism .

By controlling the protein in your diet, you can also 'manipulate' the composition of your physique, i.e. build muscle mass or minimise its loss during reduction .

How much protein do you need per day?

In the table you will find information on how much protein per day you should eat depending on several factors. In some situations your protein requirement increases significantly and there is a reason for this. Find out how much you need.

Who? .	How much protein per kg of body weight?	Who?
.	Average adult of normal body weight
.	minimum 1 g .
Adults with active lifestyles who participate in strength sports	1.8-2.2 g
Adults with active lifestyles involved in performance sports	1.6-1.8
Girls and boys 10-18 years .	ox. 1 g
Pregnant women	I trimester approx. 1.1 g, 2nd and 3rd trimester 1.2 g
Breastfeeding women .	1.4 g
Persons over 65 years of age	1.2 g, and in the case of malnutrition or chronic diseases 1.2-1.5 g .
Person on a reduction diet (training or not training in any sports)
.	1.8-2 g .

The recommended minimum amount of protein for the average adult, or 1 g/kg body weight, is the portion a person needs to avoid deficiency. It does not specify the amount needed to improve body composition, that is, for example, to increase muscle relative to body fat.

The requirement of 1 g/kg body weight is therefore the absolute minimum. No one should go lower with their dietary supply of this macronutrient, especially seniors who are at risk of age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), chronic disease or malnutritionand.

How to calculate protein requirements

The basic formula is:

Your body weight x recommended amount of protein per kg body weight (see table)

Examples:

A woman with a body weight of 63 kg, training at the gym 2 x per week, who is starting to reduce and wants to lose weight healthily, should eat about 100 g of protein (63 × 1.6).
A man weighing 86 kg, training at the gym 3 x per week, who wants to build muscle mass, should consume approximately 172 g of protein (86 × 2).
A healthy senior woman weighing 50 kg, who walks daily, should eat approximately 60 g of protein (50 x 1.2).

And how much do you need? Take a calculator or count in your memory.

For freaks

Some people calculate protein requirements by taking into account the amount of body fat. However, this is an inaccurate calculation, as it is impossible to know exactly what percentage of body fat you have. Even a DEXA scan can be wrong by 5%and. Such calculations are often used by figure athletes.

How many grams of protein by weight?

On weight it is recommended to consume between 1.8 and 2.2 g of protein per kg of body weight to ensure that the body has the right amount of protein needed for muscle building and regeneration.

When you strength train hard, micro-damage forms in your muscles. The body repairs the damaged fibres by fusing them together, which increases muscle mass and size - and proteins are like bricks in this process, building them up.

Protein is a key part of this process.

Because the body uses protein for many other tasks, it needs to have plenty of it available to take part in energy production, as well as leaving something for the muscles. Therefore, your need for mass increases.

More protein, more muscle

Broscience proclaims that the more protein you eat, the bigger muscles you will build. Unfortunately, the sources of this advice are anecdotes written on the door in the gym toilet. Science (real science) shows that consuming more protein than 2.2 g/kg has little benefitand. So kilocalories from protein are better spent on carbohydrates.

How many grams of protein on a reduction diet?

During a reduction diet, an adequate amount of protein helps to preserve as much muscle mass as possible and can also have the effect of increasing satiety after a meal. It is therefore recommended to consume 1.8-2.4 g/kg body weight.

Some scientific studies suggest even higher intakes - up to 3.1 g/kg body weight for trained individuals. Work suggests that this amount helps athletes (mainly those competing in figure competitions) to retain more muscle mass during reductionand.

I tested on myself

For the average person, protein amounts of >2.2 g/kg body weight may be too high. I remember when, on my reduction, I tested how I would feel on 2.5g, and a year later, on my next document I was consuming 2g. At 2.5 g/kg body weight I felt unpleasantly congested. And protein nutrients were overeating for a long time. On 2 g/kg body weight I felt better and managed to retain a great deal of muscle.

During a reduction you lose both body fat and muscle. By keeping an eye on the amount of protein in your diet, you can minimise the loss of valuable meat. However, tailor the amount to suit you and look at the total and components of your diet. It's not an art to get clogged up with a cottage cheese cube, only to be unable to look at it after a week (a colleague told me...).

Interesting findings

A meta-analysis of 10 scientific studies was published in 2023, which showed that very high-protein diets (>3.4 g protein/kg body weight) can lower testosterone. With high-protein diets (1.9-3.4 g protein/kg body weight), no such effects were observedand.

How much protein for vegans and vegetarians?

Protein from plant foods is not as well absorbed as that of animal originand. In addition, most non-animal foods will not provide you with all the essential amino acids (EAA)and. Therefore, non-meat eaters should eat a variety of foods.

Vegetarians have it somewhat easier, as they eat eggs or dairy products. Vegans, on the other hand, must take special care to ensure that their plate is a composition of different proteins. Protein requirements will be the same as for those on a diet without dietary restrictions.

Coke-vegetarian and coke omnivore need the same amount of protein, although the vegan friend needs to eat more carefully. I have noticed, however, that the further into the vege diet one gets, the better these people do in terms of composing and providing the necessary ingredients.

How much protein in pregnancy?

Pregnancy increases the need for protein, as well as other important nutrients (e.g. DHA acid or vitamin D). A woman expecting a baby needs to eat for two (not for two) and provide herself with the right amount of protein, as it affects both the health of the mum and the development of the foetusand.

If you are pregnant, eat around 1.1-1.2g protein/kg body weight and ideally this should be protein from a variety of sources - animal but also plant-based. Protein supplements are not recommended during pregnancy - rely on a nutritious diet.

Dietary protein deficiency today mainly affects developing countries, where hunger and nutritional deficiencies are generally prevalent. However, this doesn't mean you don't need to be vigilant during pregnancy - against the odds, it's worth monitoring the amount of protein-rich foods in your diet.

ПРЕМИУМ протеин – 9 активни съставки

Natu.Care Slim Protein, Ванилия Бурбон - Оформяне на силуета

5.0

Съдържание на протеин: 20 g висококачествен изолат на суроватъчен протеин (WPI) в една порция
Допълнителни активни съставки: витамин C, витамини от група B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12), витамин E, витамин K, хром, акациев фибър, екстракт от кактус, екстракт от бодлив трън, екстракт от семена на грозде, екстракт от хвощ
Форма: прах за разтваряне във вода
Дневна доза: 25 g (1 порция)
Достатъчно за: 15 дни (опаковката съдържа 375 g)

Провери цената

Описание на продукта

Вкусен, диетичен коктейл, който подпомага контрола на теглото и помага за поддържане на нормални нива на кръвната захар. Обогатен с премиум протеин WPI, витамини, растителни екстракти (включително екстракт от кактус), фибри и хром, това е идеалната добавка към ежедневната диета на жените, които искат да се погрижат за оформянето на фигурата.

Плюсове и минуси

Плюсове:

Високо съдържание на протеин: 20 г WPI в порция подпомага изграждането и възстановяването на мускулите
Богат състав: съдържа витамини, минерали и растителни екстракти, които подпомагат метаболизма и контрола на теглото
Ниска калоричност: само 86 kcal в порция
Нисък гликемичен индекс: помага за поддържане на стабилни нива на кръвната захар
Без захар, глутен и консерванти: подходящ за хора с непоносимост
Лабораторно тестван: потвърдена качество и безопасност

Минуси:

Няма

Natu.Care Creatine+B6, mango-passionfruit

5.0

Active ingredients (in the recommended portion – 1 serving / 6.2 g):
- Creatine monohydrate – 5000 mg
  - of which creatine – 4400 mg
- Vitamin B6 – 1.4 mg (100% NRV)
Who is it for and why?

This product is intended for adults who want to supplement their diet with creatine and vitamin B6 as part of their daily nutrition.
Form:

The product is in powder form, allowing for preparation of a serving by dissolving in water, juice, or another chosen carrier.
Daily portion:

The recommended portion is 1 scoop daily, consumed immediately after preparation.
Sufficient for:

The package contains 372 g of product, which corresponds to 60 servings and 60 days of supplementation.

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Product Description

Creatine Mango-Passionfruit is a dietary supplement in powder form, intended to supplement the daily diet of adults. The formula is based on creatine monohydrate with the addition of vitamin B6, in a portion that is easy to prepare. The composition and dosage are clearly defined, making regular use easier. The product is part of a conscious diet, without declaring specific effects.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

clearly defined content of creatine monohydrate per serving
addition of vitamin B6
powder form allowing flexible portion preparation
precisely defined number of servings in the package

Cons:

product intended solely for adults
not recommended for pregnant women without consultation
requires regular preparation of portions

PREMIUM Protein – 9 active ingredients

Natu.Care Slim Protein, Pistachio - Body Shaping

5.0

Protein content: 20 g of whey protein isolate (WPI) per serving
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C, B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12), vitamin E, vitamin K, chromium, acacia fibre, prickly pear extract, milk thistle, grape seed, field horsetail
Form: powder to be dissolved in water
Daily serving: 25 g
Sufficient for: 15 days (375 g in the package)

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Product Description

Delicious dietary shake that supports weight control and helps maintain normal blood sugar levels. Enriched with premium WPI protein, vitamins, plant extracts (including prickly pear extract), fibre, and chromium, it is the ideal addition to the daily diet of women who want to take care of their figure.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

High protein content: 20 g WPI per serving supports muscle building and regeneration
Rich composition: contains vitamins, minerals, and plant extracts that support metabolism and weight control
Low calorie content: only 86 kcal per serving
Low glycemic index: helps maintain stable blood sugar levels
No sugar, gluten, or preservatives: suitable for individuals with intolerances
Laboratory tested: confirmed quality and safety

Cons:

No drawbacks

Plant protein

Natu.Care Vegan Protein, vegan plant protein, white chocolate-raspberry

5.0

Vegan plant protein – up to 26 g of protein per serving. A high-quality blend of pea, yeast, and rice proteins.

Type of protein: plant-based
Packaging: 525 g
Number of servings in packaging: 15
Protein per serving: 26 g
Low in fat and carbohydrates
Only 136 kcal
Additional ingredients: branded digestive enzyme complex DigeZyme®, freeze-dried raspberry fruit.

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Product Description

Natu.Care Vegan Protein – plant protein with white chocolate flavour and freeze-dried raspberries.

An excellent source of protein in powder form. Natu.Care vegan protein is a blend of pea, yeast, and rice proteins. A serving of the supplement contains 26 grams of protein. The product composition is enriched with the patented digestive enzyme complex DigeZyme^®, which positively influences the digestion process.

Natu.Care Vegan Protein is 100% safe and tested, and its composition contains only the highest quality natural raw materials – with no added sugar, gluten, GMOs, or lactose.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

High protein content per serving (26 g)
Excellent taste and solubility
Additional enzymes improving digestion DigeZyme^®

Cons:

One flavour variant

Additional Information

A dietary supplement with a high protein content, which is an excellent addition to the diet for those on a vegan, vegetarian, or lactose-free diet. It also works well for active individuals who are looking for a change from dairy protein supplements or who have difficulty digesting whey protein.

Ingredients

Ingredients: pea protein 22.75 g, yeast protein 5.25 g, rice protein 3.78 g, freeze-dried raspberry fruit (3%), thickening agent: guar gum, flavours, colouring: beetroot red, digestive enzyme complex DigeZyme^® [α-amylase (from Aspergillus oryzae), neutral protease (from Bacillus subtilis), lactase (from Apergillus oryzae), lipase (from Rhizopus oryzae), cellulase (from Trichoderma longibrachiatum)], sweeteners: sucralose, steviol glycosides from stevia.

Nutritional values per 35 g serving:

Energy value: 569 kJ/ 136 kcal
Fat: 2.33 g, of which saturated fatty acids: 0.6 g
Carbohydrates: 2.63 g, of which sugars: 0.76 g
Protein: 26.18 g
Salt: 0.18 g
Complete multi-enzyme complex DigeZyme: 50 mg

Natu.Care Creatine+B6, unflavoured

5.0

Active ingredients (in the recommended portion):
- Creatine monohydrate – 5000 mg (of which creatine 4400 mg)
- Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride) – 1.4 mg (100% NRV*)
  
  *NRV – nutrient reference value.
Who is it for and why?

This product is intended for adults who wish to supplement their diet with creatine and vitamin B6 in a specified portion. It can be part of daily supplementation with a varied diet. The supplement is not intended for children.
Form:

The dietary supplement is in powder form intended for dissolving in liquids or mixing with other food products.
Daily portion:

The recommended daily portion is 1 scoop of the product, consumed once daily after mixing with 250–300 ml of water, juice, or yogurt, immediately after preparation.
Sufficient for:

The package contains 60 servings, which corresponds to 60 days of supplementation.

Check Price

Product Description

Unflavoured creatine is a dietary supplement in powder form, containing creatine monohydrate and vitamin B6 in a specified daily dosage. The product is designed to supplement the daily diet with these ingredients. The composition is simple and free from flavourings. The supplement is intended for regular use by adults.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

Unflavoured powder form
Fixed, clearly defined daily dosage
Simple composition
Contains vitamin B6 in one serving

Cons:

Product intended solely for adults
Requires preparation before consumption
Not recommended in case of hypersensitivity to the ingredients

Natu.Care Collagen Glow Bar, toffee-flavoured bar

5.0

Collagen content: 2.4 g of branded, hydrolysed fish collagen Seagarden®

Additional active ingredients:

18.8 g of protein (WPC80 concentrate + calcium caseinate + soy crisps)
2.84 g of fibre (polydextrose)
Sweetened with xylitol and maltitol – 0 g added sugar
Natural additives: sugar-free milk chocolate, peanuts, natural flavours

Form: Functional protein-collagen bar with toffee flavour; serving: 1 piece / 40 g (also available in a box of 12 pieces)

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Product Description

Functional protein-collagen bar with a creamy toffee flavour, created as a quick snack that both satisfies and supports the skin thanks to bioactive collagen Seagarden®.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

High portion of protein and collagen in one bar
Zero added sugar, low glycemic index
Convenient format – fits in a bag, backpack, or on a desk

Cons:

None

ALLDEYNN WHEYROSE

4.7

Protein type: WPC (whey protein concentrate)
Package: 500 g
Number of servings per pack: 16
Protein per serving: 22.5 g (white chocolate), 21.9 g (peanut butter), 21.6 g (cookie)
Additional ingredients: DigeZyme® enzymes;

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Product description

Protein supplement containing whey protein concentrate (WPC) with added digestive enzymesós. It digests well, is an easy and quick way to provide protein and can be consumed by people with lactose intolerance. It will work well not only as a stand-alone drinkóy but also as a tasty addition to shakesóy, dessertsóy, oatmeal or omeletóy.

WHEYROSE contains five digestive enzymes that help break down macromolecules into smaller components, so that the ingredients from food and the nutrient are absorbed even better. This minimises or even eliminates digestive discomfort. Such an addition is rare in protein supplements.

Pros and cons

Additional information

User review

ALLDEYNN VEGEROSE

4.9

Protein type: vegetable
Package: 500 g
Number of servings per pack: 16
Protein per serving: 15 g (white chocolate-raspberry and vanilla-berry), 14 g (chocolate)

See price

Product description

A protein supplement made from five plant proteins enriched with acacia fibre, flaxseed, MCT oil and the probiotic-prebiotic complex LactoWise®. It is a synbiotic thatós stimulates the developmentóy and growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and shows a beneficial effect on the condition of the digestive system.

Pros and cons

Additional information

Expert opinion

ALLDEYNN VEGEROSE

4.9

Protein type: vegetable
Package: 500 g
Number of servings per pack: 16
Protein per serving: 15 g (white chocolate-raspberry and vanilla-berry), 14 g (chocolate)

See price

Product description

Pros and cons

Additional information

Expert opinion

How to break down protein into meals?

Optimally, it is advisable to spread your protein supply over 3-4 meals, and there should be 0.4-0.55 g/kg body weight in each. This will ensure that each of your meals is nutritious and promotes muscle protein synthesis. This is typically 20-40g of protein per meal.

Examples:

A woman aged 65 years and weighing 60 kg consumes 72 g of protein per day. She eats 4 meals a day and tries to make sure there is about 20 g of protein in each.
Woman aged 65 and weighing 60 kg.
A woman aged 35 years and weighing 60 kg who trains at the gym eats 120 g of protein per day. She eats five meals - in four main meals she eats 20-30 g of protein, and in one she puts on a carbohydrate snack.
A 40 year old man weighing 95kg, strength training and occasional boxing eats 190 protein a day. He eats 3 main meals and 2 snacks, aiming for around 40g of protein per meal.

If you have the option, it would be an added benefit to your body to spread protein over 3-4 meals, however, a 24-hour supply will still be most important.

Kuba Pągowski clinical dietitian

Don't let yourself go crazy

As you can see, it all depends on your lifestyle, health and expectations. We're human - I don't always get the ideal macro distribution throughout the day either, and for that reason I don't cut into a cottage cheese cube or salad of chicken thighs, wings and breasts before bed.

How to beat protein

Some people find it difficult to eat enough protein. Sometimes the reason is a very high requirement (a friend of mine really suffered when he had to eat 200g) or an aversion to certain protein-rich foods (e.g. vegans). And sometimes, just like that - protein doesn't come in.

What to do then?

Check that you are not overdoing it with protein. I know there is a protein craze at the moment, but you only need as little as 1.8g/kg of body weight for effective muscle building - not necessarily 2.5g/kg.
Get to know all the products rich in protein and add them to your menu. You're sure to find something for you, even on a meat-free diet.
Consider a protein supplement. The choice is huge - from whey protein to plant-based. And there are dozens of flavours.
Incorporate protein nutrition into your meals - oatmeal, omelettes or desserts.

If vegan nutrients don't taste good to you - you can bet on vegan mixes. They often have a better aminogram and taste.

Kuba Pągowski clinical dietitian

Feedback articles:

Protein under supervision

Do you know how much protein you're eating per day? If not, try counting the macronutrients in your diet for a few days. You can use kilocalorie counting apps such as Fitatu, MyFitnessPal or FatSecret to do this. When I have my mentees do this - they are surprised because they thought they were eating more.

Protein bioavailability in meals

Till now there is a circulating misconception that the body will not assimilate more than 30g of protein at once. Really - some people claim that you will eat 40g and that 10g will go to waste. It will go English out of the body, convinced of its uselessness.

This statement may have been derived from a 1950s study in which increased urinary nitrogen loss was observed with higher protein intakeand. This was thought to mean that extra protein was being 'wasted'. Fortunately, this is not true.

In practice, muscle protein synthesis (MPS) reaches its maximum level when you provide yourself with approximately 20-30 grams of protein per serving, and larger amounts will simply be used by the body for many other processes, such as energy or hormone productionand.

MPS is crucial for building, repairing and maintaining muscle mass. When muscle protein synthesis exceeds protein breakdown (i.e. catabolism), muscles grow.

Kuba Pągowski clinical dietitian

Think about it - restricting protein uptake makes no evolutionary sense. Your body is more than happy to use protein to... simply function properly. Excess protein can also be converted to urea and removed from the body.

100g of protein at once? Please

A study from late 2023 found that ingesting 100 g of protein (20% whey protein and 80% casein) stimulated MPS for more than 12 hours after a whole-body workoutand.

Role of protein in the body

Proteins affect many processes in your bodyand:

promote tissue growth and repair,
participate in the production of hormones and enzymes,
strengthen the immune system,
are a source of energy,
are a source of energy.
regulate metabolic processes (e.g. digestion),
transport components in the body (e.g. oxygen to cells),

You are one big protein

The amount of protein in the body of the average adult is about 9-11 kg, and about 300 g is exchanged per dayand.

See also:

Summary

Daily protein requirements range from 1 to 2.2 g/kg body weight and depend on health, physical activity and body composition goals.
A protein requirement of 1 g/kg body weight is the absolute minimum and no one should consume less.
Higher protein requirements apply to pregnant and breastfeeding women, people building muscle mass or reducing body fat, and seniors.
Optimally, it is advisable to spread protein over 3-4 meals, i.e. ensure that there is 20-40 g of protein in each meal (depending on your requirements).
Any amount of protein will assimilate in the body and be used by the body, and the information about a maximum of 30 g is a myth.

FAQ

What is the daily requirement for protein?

The daily requirement for protein is between 1 and 2.2 g per kg of body weight. Protein intake depends on several factors such as age, health status, physical activity level or body composition goals.

How many times a day to eat protein?

An optimal way to provide yourself with protein is to spread your daily requirement over 3-4 portions. It is a good idea to have 0.4-0.55 g/kg of total body weight, or about 20-40 g of protein, in each meal.

This distribution is beneficial for muscle protein synthesis, the mechanism responsible for the growth, repair and regeneration of muscle tissue after training or injury.

How much protein for muscle building?

For muscle building, it is recommended to consume between 1.8 and 2.2 g of protein per kg of body weight. It is best to spread the daily protein supply over 3-4 meals and ensure that there is a minimum of 20 grams protein in each.

How much weight can you gain by taking protein?

From protein you can gain weight just like from the other macronutrients - fats and carbohydrates. You get fat from an excess of kilocalories in your diet. So if you regularly exceed your daily calorie requirements, you are getting fat. The excess energy can come from protein and you can then gain 5, 10 or even 20 kilos.

Will 50g of protein in a meal be assimilated?

Yes, 50 g of protein from a meal will be assimilated in the body. From a nutritional point of view, assimilation is the passage of nutrients from the gut to the systemic circulation. Based on this definition, the amount protein that can be assimilated is unlimited. Your body will use every bit of protein for many processes in the body - nothing goes to waste.

How much to take in protein after a workout?

After training, make sure you eat a meal containing 0.4-0.55g of protein per kg of your body weight (i.e. around 20-40g). Remember that it is the total supply of protein throughout the day that counts.

How many percentages of protein, fat and carbohydrate per day?

The percentage distribution of macronutrients in the diet should be:

protein - 1.8-2.4 g/kg body weight,
fat - 0.8-1.2 g/kg body weight,
carbohydrates - remaining amount.

For example, an 85 kg footballer with a daily requirement of 4000 kcal should eat 153 g protein, 85 g fats and 655 g carbohydrates.

Resources

Duda, K., Majerczak, J., Nieckarz, Z., Heymsfield, S. B., & Zoladz, J. A. (2019). Chapter 1-Human Body Composition and Muscle Mass. In J. A. Zoladz (Ed.), Muscle and Exercise Physiology (pp. 3-26). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814593-7.00001-3

Lactation, I. of M. (US) C. on N. S. D. P. and. (1990). Protein and Amino Acids. In Nutrition During Pregnancy: Part I Weight Gain: Part II Nutrient Supplements. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235221/

Linschooten, J. O., Verwijs, M. H., Beelen, J., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., & Roodenburg, A. J. C. (2021). Low awareness of community-dwelling older adults on the importance of dietary protein: New insights from four qualitative studies. Journal of Nutritional Science, 10, e102. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2021.92

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