DHA acid what it is, health properties, sources

DHA acid is one of the 'good fats' that we should provide to the body with our diet.

Nina Wawryszuk - AuthorAuthorNina Wawryszuk
Nina Wawryszuk - Author
AuthorNina Wawryszuk
Natu.Care Editor

Nina Wawryszuk specialises in sports supplementation, strength training and psychosomatics. On a daily basis, in addition to writing articles for Natu.Care, as a personal trainer she helps athletes improve their performance through training, diet and supplementation.

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Alexandra Cudna-Bartnicka - Reviewed byReviewed byAlexandra Cudna-Bartnicka
Verified by an expert
Alexandra Cudna-Bartnicka - Reviewed by
Reviewed byAlexandra Cudna-Bartnicka
Clinical nutritionist

Clinical nutritionist whose main area of interest is nutrition in diseases and functional disorders of the digestive system.

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Michael Tomaszewski - Edited byEdited byMichael Tomaszewski
Michael Tomaszewski - Edited by
Edited by
Michael Tomaszewski
Editor

Graduate of Journalism and Artes Liberales at the University of Warsaw. Since 2017, he has been working with the biggest portals in Poland and abroad as an editor. Previously worked for 3 years in one of the leading pharmaceutical companies - he knows the health and beauty industry inside out. In his free time, he most enjoys playing tennis or skiing.

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Emilia Moskal - Fact-checkingFact-checkingEmilia Moskal
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Fact-checkingEmilia Moskal
Natu.Care Editor

Emilia Moskal specialises in medical and psychological texts, including content for medical entities. She is a fan of simple language and reader-friendly communication. At Natu.Care, she writes educational articles.

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DHA acid what it is, health properties, sources
29 April, 2024
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19 min
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DHA acid belongs to the group of omega-3 fatty acids and is an essential component for the proper functioning of our body. Find out what distinguishes DHA, exactly what properties it has and what are the indications for its use.

Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their health benefits for the brain and heart or prenatal development, among others. Each of these types of acids has unique functions. In this article, together with nutritionist Aleksandra Cudna, I will introduce you to the properties of DHA acid.

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Description of contents

  1. Omega-3 acids vs DHA. We explain the division of the acids
  2. .
  3. DHA acid - properties and health-promoting effects
  4. .
  5. DHA and indications for use. Are you at risk of a deficiency
  6. .
  7. Symptoms of deficiency
  8. .
  9. DHA supplementation - recommendations
  10. .
  11. DHA acid - where does it occur? Sources of DHA in food
  12. DHA - where does it occur?
  13. DHA - take care of your diet! Advice from a nutritionist

See also:

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DHA versus omega-3 fatty acids: a breakdown

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Acids omega-3, omega-6, omega-9, DHA, ALA, EPA... You can get confused, can't you? Alexandra Cudna explains the breakdown of fatty acids in simple terms so that you understand what omega-3 fatty acids are and what place DHA acid has in this system. 

Fatty acids are divided into saturated and unsaturated fats. Among the unsaturated ones, we distinguish between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are omega-3 and omega-6. DHA acid is among the omega-3 fatty acidsand.

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DHA acid - properties and health-promoting effects

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DHA acid has a multisystemic effect on our health. How does it act on our body?

  • Body: It is part of every cell in our body and an important structural component of the skin, eyes and brain. Proper concentrations maintained as early as prenatal life support the healthy development of the whole bodyand.
  • .
  • Nervous system: Regulates the function of nerve cells and ensures the formation of an adequate number of connections between neurons. Has a positive effect on the intellectual, psychomotor and cognitive development of the child. Higher levels of DHA in the blood are associated with a reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer's diseaseand.
  • Immune system: DHA helps the body fight ongoing inflammation and may help repair and heal tissues. Studies also show that it can inhibit the growth of cancer cellsand.
  • .
  • Cardiovascular system: DHA can reduce the risk of heart disease by, among other things, lowering triglycerides and blood pressure. However, its role in preventing heart disease requires further researchand.
  • Bone system: May relieve pain and inflammation associated with arthritis, arthritis .
  • Muscular system: Has the potential to reduce muscle soreness and muscle recovery after exercise .
  • Respiratory system: DHA may alleviate asthma symptoms, possibly by blocking mucus secretion and lowering blood pressureand.
  • .
  • Pregnancy: Reduces the risk of premature birth, determines the correct weight of the baby, reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia, reduces the risk of postnatal depression .
  • Organ of vision: Helps activate rhodopsin, a membrane protein in the rods of the eyes. Rhodopsin helps the brain perceive images by altering the permeability, fluidity and thickness of the eye's membranesand.
  • Mental health: Studies show that DHA deficiency in early life is associated with learning disabilities, ADHD, aggressive hostility. Proper levels of DHA may protect against depressionand.

As you can see: it is worthwhile to take care of an adequate concentration of omega-3 fatty acids (including DHA) in the body. Here is a summary of the most valuable products with these ingredients: Omeega-3 acids in tablets: ranking of the best products

Natu.Care Omega-3 ᵀᴳ Premium

Natu.Care Omega-3 ᵀᴳ Premium
5.0
  • Omega-3 content: 750 mg (250 mg DHA + 500 mg EPA)
  • .
  • Additional active ingredients: none
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

The dietary supplement contains omega-3ᵀᴳ, or omega-3 acids in the form of trójglyceridesów. Scientific studies suggest that this form of fatty acidsós up to 2 times better absorbed than the estersós present in many dietary supplements on the market. This means that you are assured of their effectiveness and of supplying yourself with valuable omega acids.

Fatty acids omega-3 are derived from wild anchovy oil. It is a rich source of healthy fats that are essential for the health of the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, as well as the proper function of vision, joints muscles.

Scientific research suggests that wild anchovies are a good source of healthy fats.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The formula contains a total of 750 mg of EPA+DHA acidsós, which is three times higher than the recommended minimum of 250 mg for the Polish population. Omega-3 TG Premium has studies indicating that its TOTOX is 9, which is a very good result.

Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acidsóis recommended for anyone who does not eat 1–2 portions (approximately 300 g) of oily fish per week. Children during growth, seniors, physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, as well as patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease also have an increased need.

Pros and cons

The dietary supplement contains omega-3ᵀᴳ, or omega-3 acids in the form of trójglyceridesów. Scientific studies suggest that this form of fatty acidsós up to 2 times better absorbed than the estersós present in many dietary supplements on the market. This means that you are assured of their effectiveness and of supplying yourself with valuable omega acids.

Fatty acids omega-3 are derived from wild anchovy oil. It is a rich source of healthy fats that are essential for the health of the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, as well as the proper function of vision, joints muscles.

Scientific research suggests that wild anchovies are a good source of healthy fats.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The formula contains a total of 750 mg of EPA+DHA acidsós, which is three times higher than the recommended minimum of 250 mg for the Polish population. Omega-3 TG Premium has studies indicating that its TOTOX is 9, which is a very good result.

Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acidsóis recommended for anyone who does not eat 1–2 portions (approximately 300 g) of oily fish per week. Children during growth, seniors, physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, as well as patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease also have an increased need.

Additional information

The dietary supplement contains omega-3ᵀᴳ, or omega-3 acids in the form of trójglyceridesów. Scientific studies suggest that this form of fatty acidsós up to 2 times better absorbed than the estersós present in many dietary supplements on the market. This means that you are assured of their effectiveness and of supplying yourself with valuable omega acids.

Fatty acids omega-3 are derived from wild anchovy oil. It is a rich source of healthy fats that are essential for the health of the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, as well as the proper function of vision, joints muscles.

Scientific research suggests that wild anchovies are a good source of healthy fats.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The formula contains a total of 750 mg of EPA+DHA acidsós, which is three times higher than the recommended minimum of 250 mg for the Polish population. Omega-3 TG Premium has studies indicating that its TOTOX is 9, which is a very good result.

Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acidsóis recommended for anyone who does not eat 1–2 portions (approximately 300 g) of oily fish per week. Children during growth, seniors, physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, as well as patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease also have an increased need.

Expert opinion

The dietary supplement contains omega-3ᵀᴳ, or omega-3 acids in the form of trójglyceridesów. Scientific studies suggest that this form of fatty acidsós up to 2 times better absorbed than the estersós present in many dietary supplements on the market. This means that you are assured of their effectiveness and of supplying yourself with valuable omega acids.

Fatty acids omega-3 are derived from wild anchovy oil. It is a rich source of healthy fats that are essential for the health of the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, as well as the proper function of vision, joints muscles.

Scientific research suggests that wild anchovies are a good source of healthy fats.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The formula contains a total of 750 mg of EPA+DHA acidsós, which is three times higher than the recommended minimum of 250 mg for the Polish population. Omega-3 TG Premium has studies indicating that its TOTOX is 9, which is a very good result.

Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acidsóis recommended for anyone who does not eat 1–2 portions (approximately 300 g) of oily fish per week. Children during growth, seniors, physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, as well as patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease also have an increased need.

Natu.Care Omega-3

Natu.Care Omega-3
4.6
  • Omega-3 content: 550 mg (220 mg DHA + 330 mg acid EPA)
  • Additional active ingredients: none
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

The dietary supplement contains high-quality fatty acids omega-3 from anchovy oil. It is a naturally rich source of healthy fats that are essential for cardiovascular, immune and nervous system health, as well as proper function of eyesight, joints muscles.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The dietary supplement contains 550 mg EPA+DHA per daily serving. This is more than double the official recommendations for the Polish population, whichóre suggesting an intake of at least 250 mg per day.

Supplementation of EPA+DHA is a good way to support healthy sleep.

Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acidsós is advisable if you do not consume 1–2 portions (approx. 300 g) of oily fish per week. There is also an increased need for physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, seniors, children during growth spurts and patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease.

Pros and cons

The dietary supplement contains high-quality fatty acids omega-3 from anchovy oil. It is a naturally rich source of healthy fats that are essential for cardiovascular, immune and nervous system health, as well as proper function of eyesight, joints muscles.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The dietary supplement contains 550 mg EPA+DHA per daily serving. This is more than double the official recommendations for the Polish population, whichóre suggesting an intake of at least 250 mg per day.

Supplementation of EPA+DHA is a good way to support healthy sleep.

Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acidsós is advisable if you do not consume 1–2 portions (approx. 300 g) of oily fish per week. There is also an increased need for physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, seniors, children during growth spurts and patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease.

Additional information

The dietary supplement contains high-quality fatty acids omega-3 from anchovy oil. It is a naturally rich source of healthy fats that are essential for cardiovascular, immune and nervous system health, as well as proper function of eyesight, joints muscles.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The dietary supplement contains 550 mg EPA+DHA per daily serving. This is more than double the official recommendations for the Polish population, whichóre suggesting an intake of at least 250 mg per day.

Supplementation of EPA+DHA is a good way to support healthy sleep.

Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acidsós is advisable if you do not consume 1–2 portions (approx. 300 g) of oily fish per week. There is also an increased need for physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, seniors, children during growth spurts and patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease.

Expert opinion

The dietary supplement contains high-quality fatty acids omega-3 from anchovy oil. It is a naturally rich source of healthy fats that are essential for cardiovascular, immune and nervous system health, as well as proper function of eyesight, joints muscles.

Scientific research also suggests that an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acidsós protects against and supports the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, omega-3s influence the hydration and appearance of the skinóry and support healthy sleep.

.

The dietary supplement contains 550 mg EPA+DHA per daily serving. This is more than double the official recommendations for the Polish population, whichóre suggesting an intake of at least 250 mg per day.

Supplementation of EPA+DHA is a good way to support healthy sleep.

Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acidsós is advisable if you do not consume 1–2 portions (approx. 300 g) of oily fish per week. There is also an increased need for physically active people, vegans and vegetarians, seniors, children during growth spurts and patients undergoing cardiovascular treatment and prevention of heart disease.

Simple composition

Pharmovit Omega 3 Max

Pharmovit Omega 3 Max
4.9
  • Content omega-3 acids550 mg (220 mg DHA + 330 mg EPA)
  • Additional active ingredients: none
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Apart from DHA and EPA, you will find absolutely nothing here. It is therefore a great supplement for people who want to supplement their omega acids and do not need any additional active ingredients.

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in the preparation is fish oil.

.
Pros and cons

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Apart from DHA and EPA, you will find absolutely nothing here. It is therefore a great supplement for people who want to supplement their omega acids and do not need any additional active ingredients.

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in the preparation is fish oil.

.
Additional information

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Apart from DHA and EPA, you will find absolutely nothing here. It is therefore a great supplement for people who want to supplement their omega acids and do not need any additional active ingredients.

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in the preparation is fish oil.

.
User review

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Apart from DHA and EPA, you will find absolutely nothing here. It is therefore a great supplement for people who want to supplement their omega acids and do not need any additional active ingredients.

A simple dietary supplement with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in the preparation is fish oil.

.

With vitamin D3

Primabiotic Omega + vitamin D3

Primabiotic Omega + vitamin D3
4.3
  • Omega-3 content: 600 mg (240 mg DHA + 360 mg EPA)
  • Additional active ingredients: vitamin D3
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 or 2 capsules daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 or 30 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

The combination of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil and vitamin D3 will strengthen your nervous system and eyesight. It will improve your brain function and have a beneficial effect on your cardiovascular system. Thanks to the high dose of vitamin D, supplementation with the preparation will increase immunity and have a beneficial effect on your muscles and bones.

.

Taking the product will also improve your resistance to stress and soothe your nervous system.

.
Pros and cons

The combination of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil and vitamin D3 will strengthen your nervous system and eyesight. It will improve your brain function and have a beneficial effect on your cardiovascular system. Thanks to the high dose of vitamin D, supplementation with the preparation will increase immunity and have a beneficial effect on your muscles and bones.

.

Taking the product will also improve your resistance to stress and soothe your nervous system.

.
Additional information

The combination of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil and vitamin D3 will strengthen your nervous system and eyesight. It will improve your brain function and have a beneficial effect on your cardiovascular system. Thanks to the high dose of vitamin D, supplementation with the preparation will increase immunity and have a beneficial effect on your muscles and bones.

.

Taking the product will also improve your resistance to stress and soothe your nervous system.

.
User review

The combination of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil and vitamin D3 will strengthen your nervous system and eyesight. It will improve your brain function and have a beneficial effect on your cardiovascular system. Thanks to the high dose of vitamin D, supplementation with the preparation will increase immunity and have a beneficial effect on your muscles and bones.

.

Taking the product will also improve your resistance to stress and soothe your nervous system.

.

Good for immunity

Omega + Vitamin D3 2000 IU

Omega + Vitamin D3 2000 IU
4.7
  • Content omega-3 acids: 600 mg (360 mg EPA + 240 mg DHA)
  • Additional active ingredients: vitamin D3
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

Omega-3 fatty acids with added vitamin D3 in good doses. The preparation fills the daily requirement of an adult for EPA and DHA as well as vitamin D. 

.

This is an interesting combination that canóbe recommended to most Poles. The Ministry of Health recommends everyone to supplement vitamin D3. Omega-3 fatty acids are also on the podium when it comes to deficiencies of active ingredientsós in our country.

The dietary supplement from the Ministry of Health is an interesting combination that can be recommended to most Poles.

The dietary supplement from Aura Herbals supports the functioning of the mós brain, proper vision and the functioning of the immune system. The sourceóof omega-3 fatty acids is fish oil.

The supplement is a dietary supplement from Aura Herbals.

Pros and cons

Omega-3 fatty acids with added vitamin D3 in good doses. The preparation fills the daily requirement of an adult for EPA and DHA as well as vitamin D. 

.

This is an interesting combination that canóbe recommended to most Poles. The Ministry of Health recommends everyone to supplement vitamin D3. Omega-3 fatty acids are also on the podium when it comes to deficiencies of active ingredientsós in our country.

The dietary supplement from the Ministry of Health is an interesting combination that can be recommended to most Poles.

The dietary supplement from Aura Herbals supports the functioning of the mós brain, proper vision and the functioning of the immune system. The sourceóof omega-3 fatty acids is fish oil.

The supplement is a dietary supplement from Aura Herbals.

Additional information

Omega-3 fatty acids with added vitamin D3 in good doses. The preparation fills the daily requirement of an adult for EPA and DHA as well as vitamin D. 

.

This is an interesting combination that canóbe recommended to most Poles. The Ministry of Health recommends everyone to supplement vitamin D3. Omega-3 fatty acids are also on the podium when it comes to deficiencies of active ingredientsós in our country.

The dietary supplement from the Ministry of Health is an interesting combination that can be recommended to most Poles.

The dietary supplement from Aura Herbals supports the functioning of the mós brain, proper vision and the functioning of the immune system. The sourceóof omega-3 fatty acids is fish oil.

The supplement is a dietary supplement from Aura Herbals.

User review

Omega-3 fatty acids with added vitamin D3 in good doses. The preparation fills the daily requirement of an adult for EPA and DHA as well as vitamin D. 

.

This is an interesting combination that canóbe recommended to most Poles. The Ministry of Health recommends everyone to supplement vitamin D3. Omega-3 fatty acids are also on the podium when it comes to deficiencies of active ingredientsós in our country.

The dietary supplement from the Ministry of Health is an interesting combination that can be recommended to most Poles.

The dietary supplement from Aura Herbals supports the functioning of the mós brain, proper vision and the functioning of the immune system. The sourceóof omega-3 fatty acids is fish oil.

The supplement is a dietary supplement from Aura Herbals.

Restores balance

Sundose° Daily Balance°

Sundose° Daily Balance°
4.5
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

Stress, exhaustion and tension? Daily Balance° restores calmóness and mental clarity even in the face of the greatest challenges. It is a formula that draws on the synergistic effects of ashwagandha and magnesium, further enhanced with a complex of B vitamins, for reduced feelings of fatigue and tiredness.

The omega-3 fatty acids in the Daily Balance° formula are derived from high-quality fish oil. The healthy fats contribute to the proper functioning of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, skinóry condition and support mental health.

Pros and cons

Stress, exhaustion and tension? Daily Balance° restores calmóness and mental clarity even in the face of the greatest challenges. It is a formula that draws on the synergistic effects of ashwagandha and magnesium, further enhanced with a complex of B vitamins, for reduced feelings of fatigue and tiredness.

The omega-3 fatty acids in the Daily Balance° formula are derived from high-quality fish oil. The healthy fats contribute to the proper functioning of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, skinóry condition and support mental health.

Additional information

Stress, exhaustion and tension? Daily Balance° restores calmóness and mental clarity even in the face of the greatest challenges. It is a formula that draws on the synergistic effects of ashwagandha and magnesium, further enhanced with a complex of B vitamins, for reduced feelings of fatigue and tiredness.

The omega-3 fatty acids in the Daily Balance° formula are derived from high-quality fish oil. The healthy fats contribute to the proper functioning of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, skinóry condition and support mental health.

User review

Stress, exhaustion and tension? Daily Balance° restores calmóness and mental clarity even in the face of the greatest challenges. It is a formula that draws on the synergistic effects of ashwagandha and magnesium, further enhanced with a complex of B vitamins, for reduced feelings of fatigue and tiredness.

The omega-3 fatty acids in the Daily Balance° formula are derived from high-quality fish oil. The healthy fats contribute to the proper functioning of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, skinóry condition and support mental health.

Vegan

Dr. Jacob's DHA + EPA

Dr. Jacob's DHA + EPA
4.1
  • Omega-3 content: 250 mg (83 mg EPA + 167 mg DHA)
  • Additional active ingredients: none
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1–2 capsules
  • Sufficient for: 30 or 60 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

The dietary supplement contains oil from the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. Algae are a healthy, plant-based alternative as a source of health-important fatty acids. 

DHA acid contributes to the maintenance of normal móbrain function and normal vision, and the combination of EPA + DHA supports heart health (with a daily intake of 250 mg DHA). In addition, omega-3 fatty acids support immunity, mood and the condition and appearance of the skinóskin.

DHA supplementation is especially important when consuming little fish, so those on a plant-based diet should ensure supplementation as they are at risk of an omega-3 deficiency.

Pros and cons

The dietary supplement contains oil from the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. Algae are a healthy, plant-based alternative as a source of health-important fatty acids. 

DHA acid contributes to the maintenance of normal móbrain function and normal vision, and the combination of EPA + DHA supports heart health (with a daily intake of 250 mg DHA). In addition, omega-3 fatty acids support immunity, mood and the condition and appearance of the skinóskin.

DHA supplementation is especially important when consuming little fish, so those on a plant-based diet should ensure supplementation as they are at risk of an omega-3 deficiency.

Additional information

The dietary supplement contains oil from the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. Algae are a healthy, plant-based alternative as a source of health-important fatty acids. 

DHA acid contributes to the maintenance of normal móbrain function and normal vision, and the combination of EPA + DHA supports heart health (with a daily intake of 250 mg DHA). In addition, omega-3 fatty acids support immunity, mood and the condition and appearance of the skinóskin.

DHA supplementation is especially important when consuming little fish, so those on a plant-based diet should ensure supplementation as they are at risk of an omega-3 deficiency.

User review

The dietary supplement contains oil from the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. Algae are a healthy, plant-based alternative as a source of health-important fatty acids. 

DHA acid contributes to the maintenance of normal móbrain function and normal vision, and the combination of EPA + DHA supports heart health (with a daily intake of 250 mg DHA). In addition, omega-3 fatty acids support immunity, mood and the condition and appearance of the skinóskin.

DHA supplementation is especially important when consuming little fish, so those on a plant-based diet should ensure supplementation as they are at risk of an omega-3 deficiency.

Good for immunity

Ibuvit D3 2000 + K2 MK-7 + OMEGA 3

Ibuvit D3 2000 + K2 MK-7 + OMEGA 3
4.1
  • Omega-3 content: 250 mg (200 mg DHA + 50 mg EPA)
  • Additional active ingredients: vitamin D3vitamin K
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 30 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

A dietary supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D3 and vitamin K. The formula supports the immune system, the functioning of the mós brain and vision. Moreover, its regular supplementation has a positive effect on teeth, as well as the use of calcium in the body, whichóry supports the musculoskeletal system. A daily portion provides 2000 IU of vitamin D3, which covers the requirement for an adult. Vitamin D3 supplementation is particularly recommendedólly during autumn and winter.

Pros and cons

A dietary supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D3 and vitamin K. The formula supports the immune system, the functioning of the mós brain and vision. Moreover, its regular supplementation has a positive effect on teeth, as well as the use of calcium in the body, whichóry supports the musculoskeletal system. A daily portion provides 2000 IU of vitamin D3, which covers the requirement for an adult. Vitamin D3 supplementation is particularly recommendedólly during autumn and winter.

Additional information

A dietary supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D3 and vitamin K. The formula supports the immune system, the functioning of the mós brain and vision. Moreover, its regular supplementation has a positive effect on teeth, as well as the use of calcium in the body, whichóry supports the musculoskeletal system. A daily portion provides 2000 IU of vitamin D3, which covers the requirement for an adult. Vitamin D3 supplementation is particularly recommendedólly during autumn and winter.

User review

A dietary supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D3 and vitamin K. The formula supports the immune system, the functioning of the mós brain and vision. Moreover, its regular supplementation has a positive effect on teeth, as well as the use of calcium in the body, whichóry supports the musculoskeletal system. A daily portion provides 2000 IU of vitamin D3, which covers the requirement for an adult. Vitamin D3 supplementation is particularly recommendedólly during autumn and winter.

Naturally energising

Sundose° Daily Boost°

Sundose° Daily Boost°
4.5
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

Daily Boost° will provide you with balanced energy in harmony with your body. It combines the proven power of Korean ginseng extract, which improves mental and physical performance, with vitamins and minerals carefully selected to maintain energy levels.

Pros and cons

Daily Boost° will provide you with balanced energy in harmony with your body. It combines the proven power of Korean ginseng extract, which improves mental and physical performance, with vitamins and minerals carefully selected to maintain energy levels.

Additional information

Daily Boost° will provide you with balanced energy in harmony with your body. It combines the proven power of Korean ginseng extract, which improves mental and physical performance, with vitamins and minerals carefully selected to maintain energy levels.

User review

Daily Boost° will provide you with balanced energy in harmony with your body. It combines the proven power of Korean ginseng extract, which improves mental and physical performance, with vitamins and minerals carefully selected to maintain energy levels.

Good for heart health

Dr. Jacob's DHA-EPA + Vitamin E

Dr. Jacob's DHA-EPA + Vitamin E
4.1
  • Content omega-3 acids255 mg (170 mg DHA + 85 mg EPA)
  • Additional active ingredients: vitamin E
  • Form: liquid
  • .
  • Dose: 5 ml
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 50 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

DHA-EPA + Vitamin E is a vegan dietary supplement rich in omega-3 DHA and EPA acids from algae and vitamin E. The product supports the proper functioning of the brain, eyesight and heart, providing the necessary ingredientsóin an easily digestible form. 

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The product additionally provides extra virgin olive oil and bioactive vitamin E, which has an antioxidant effect.

Pros and cons

DHA-EPA + Vitamin E is a vegan dietary supplement rich in omega-3 DHA and EPA acids from algae and vitamin E. The product supports the proper functioning of the brain, eyesight and heart, providing the necessary ingredientsóin an easily digestible form. 

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The product additionally provides extra virgin olive oil and bioactive vitamin E, which has an antioxidant effect.

Additional information

DHA-EPA + Vitamin E is a vegan dietary supplement rich in omega-3 DHA and EPA acids from algae and vitamin E. The product supports the proper functioning of the brain, eyesight and heart, providing the necessary ingredientsóin an easily digestible form. 

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The product additionally provides extra virgin olive oil and bioactive vitamin E, which has an antioxidant effect.

User review

DHA-EPA + Vitamin E is a vegan dietary supplement rich in omega-3 DHA and EPA acids from algae and vitamin E. The product supports the proper functioning of the brain, eyesight and heart, providing the necessary ingredientsóin an easily digestible form. 

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The product additionally provides extra virgin olive oil and bioactive vitamin E, which has an antioxidant effect.

Pure composition

Aura Herbals Omega-3 370 DHA / 700 EPA

Aura Herbals Omega-3 370 DHA / 700 EPA
4.9
  • Omega-3 content: 370 mg DHA and 700 mg EPA
  • .
  • Additional active ingredients: none
  • .
  • Form: liquid
  • .
  • Dose: 5 or 10 ml
  • Sufficient for: 20 or 40 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

Supplement in liquid form, rich in fatty acids from Atlantic mackerel, anchovies and Atlantic sardines. It is a rich source of omega-3 acids. The combination of DHA and EPA improves the functioning of your brain, heart, eyesight, supports the nervous system, influences the appearance of your skin and has a positive impact on your mental health.

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Pros and cons

Supplement in liquid form, rich in fatty acids from Atlantic mackerel, anchovies and Atlantic sardines. It is a rich source of omega-3 acids. The combination of DHA and EPA improves the functioning of your brain, heart, eyesight, supports the nervous system, influences the appearance of your skin and has a positive impact on your mental health.

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Additional information

Supplement in liquid form, rich in fatty acids from Atlantic mackerel, anchovies and Atlantic sardines. It is a rich source of omega-3 acids. The combination of DHA and EPA improves the functioning of your brain, heart, eyesight, supports the nervous system, influences the appearance of your skin and has a positive impact on your mental health.

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User review

Supplement in liquid form, rich in fatty acids from Atlantic mackerel, anchovies and Atlantic sardines. It is a rich source of omega-3 acids. The combination of DHA and EPA improves the functioning of your brain, heart, eyesight, supports the nervous system, influences the appearance of your skin and has a positive impact on your mental health.

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Kit

Sundose° For Stress Relief°

Sundose° For Stress Relief°
4.9
  • Omega-3 content: 220 mg of DHA acid and 330 mg of EPA acid
  • Additional active ingredients: ashwagandhamagnesiumvitamin B6vitamin D3
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 omega-3 capsule and 3 capsules of ashwagandha, magnesium, vitamins B6 and D3
  • Sufficient for: 30 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

A set of two dietary supplements, the combination of which will take care of your mood and mental condition. Ashwagandha is known for its calming properties, while omega-3 fatty acids will further soothe the nervous system and take care of the smooth functioning of the brain.

Magnesium and Vitamin B6 are involved in the production and regulation of neurotransmittersós, and vitamin D3 may prevent dementia.

Pros and cons

A set of two dietary supplements, the combination of which will take care of your mood and mental condition. Ashwagandha is known for its calming properties, while omega-3 fatty acids will further soothe the nervous system and take care of the smooth functioning of the brain.

Magnesium and Vitamin B6 are involved in the production and regulation of neurotransmittersós, and vitamin D3 may prevent dementia.

Additional information

A set of two dietary supplements, the combination of which will take care of your mood and mental condition. Ashwagandha is known for its calming properties, while omega-3 fatty acids will further soothe the nervous system and take care of the smooth functioning of the brain.

Magnesium and Vitamin B6 are involved in the production and regulation of neurotransmittersós, and vitamin D3 may prevent dementia.

Expert opinion

A set of two dietary supplements, the combination of which will take care of your mood and mental condition. Ashwagandha is known for its calming properties, while omega-3 fatty acids will further soothe the nervous system and take care of the smooth functioning of the brain.

Magnesium and Vitamin B6 are involved in the production and regulation of neurotransmittersós, and vitamin D3 may prevent dementia.

Efficient

ALLNUTRITION Omega 3 Strong

ALLNUTRITION Omega 3 Strong
4.7
  • Content omega-3 acids550 mg (DHA 220 mg + EPA 330 mg)
  • Additional active ingredients: vitamin E
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 90 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

A dietary supplement with a solid portion of DHA and EPA – valuable for health and well-being omega-3 acidsós. Indicated especially for people on a plant-based diet, physically active people and seniors.

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The sourceóof omega-3 acids in this preparation is fish oil.

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Pros and cons

A dietary supplement with a solid portion of DHA and EPA – valuable for health and well-being omega-3 acidsós. Indicated especially for people on a plant-based diet, physically active people and seniors.

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The sourceóof omega-3 acids in this preparation is fish oil.

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Additional information

A dietary supplement with a solid portion of DHA and EPA – valuable for health and well-being omega-3 acidsós. Indicated especially for people on a plant-based diet, physically active people and seniors.

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The sourceóof omega-3 acids in this preparation is fish oil.

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User review

A dietary supplement with a solid portion of DHA and EPA – valuable for health and well-being omega-3 acidsós. Indicated especially for people on a plant-based diet, physically active people and seniors.

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The sourceóof omega-3 acids in this preparation is fish oil.

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For as long as 3 months

OstroVit Omega 3 Easy to Swallow

OstroVit Omega 3 Easy to Swallow
4.3
  • Content omega-3 acids: 300 mg (180 mg EPA + 120 mg DHA)
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 2 capsules daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 45 days
  • .
See price
in the Natu.Care shop
Product description

A dietary supplement designed for all those who want to supply their body with the necessary amount of omega-3 fatty acids, but have problems swallowing standard capsules. 

By reducing the size of the capsule, the dietary supplement is much easier to swallow and does not stand in the throat. The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in this supplement is fish oil.

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Pros and cons

A dietary supplement designed for all those who want to supply their body with the necessary amount of omega-3 fatty acids, but have problems swallowing standard capsules. 

By reducing the size of the capsule, the dietary supplement is much easier to swallow and does not stand in the throat. The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in this supplement is fish oil.

.
Additional information

A dietary supplement designed for all those who want to supply their body with the necessary amount of omega-3 fatty acids, but have problems swallowing standard capsules. 

By reducing the size of the capsule, the dietary supplement is much easier to swallow and does not stand in the throat. The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in this supplement is fish oil.

.
User review

A dietary supplement designed for all those who want to supply their body with the necessary amount of omega-3 fatty acids, but have problems swallowing standard capsules. 

By reducing the size of the capsule, the dietary supplement is much easier to swallow and does not stand in the throat. The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The ingredients in the supplement have been shown to support heart and móbrain function and strengthen blood vessels.

The sourceóof the omega-3 fatty acids in this supplement is fish oil.

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DHA versus indications for use. Are you at risk of deficiency?

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The human body does not produce DHA, it must be supplied from food or dietary supplements. Supplementation is recommended for anyone who wants to naturally support their body to function healthily, but who does not eat adequate amounts of fish. We should eat 1-2 portions of fish per week.
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Aleksandra Cudna.

Aleksandra Cudna Clinical nutritionist

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Who in particular should be concerned about supplementation

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Pregnant women

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DHA is one of the most important fatty acids for building human neural tissue. An adequate supply of DHA during pregnancy plays a key role in the proper development of the baby's nervous system during prenatal lifeand.

See also:

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Breastfeeding women

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My pregnant patients supplement DHA acids as one of several dedicated preparations. Unfortunately, it is common for women to discontinue further supplementation after the end of their pregnancy. It is important to remember that until 6 months of age, the infant obtains DHA acids by relying on breast milk, which is why continued supplementation is so important.
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Aleksandra Cudna.

Aleksandra CudnaClinical nutritionist

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Women should continue DHA supplementation even after giving birth. DHA will help the body recover during the postpartum period, and the baby will obtain the acid from breast milk and develop properlyand.

Infants

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DHA is crucial for infants as it influences the proper course of their intensive growth and intellectual development. It is worth being mindful of your diet (breastfeeding mothers) or getting DHA-fortified modified milk to ensure consistent, healthy concentrations of this acidand.

Vegans and vegetarians

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Because of their diet, those on a plant-based diet are at risk of deficiency. Vegans and vegetarians should take DHA in the form of oils from certain species of biotech-derived algae, otherwise they will not be able to meet the requirement from other plant sources.
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Aleksandra Cudna.

Aleksandra Cudna Clinical nutritionist

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Symptoms of deficiency

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An omega-3 fatty acid deficiency means that your body is not getting enough omega-3 fatty acids, which can put you at risk of negative health effectsand

Major symptoms of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, including DHAand:

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  • Skin: Dryness, irritation, acne lesions, feeling of skin tightness, cracked skin on heels.
  • Hair: Fallout, dryness of the scalp, dandruff.
  • Nails: Fragile, brittle, splitting.
  • Ears.
  • Ears: Excessive secretion of earwax. 
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  • Eyes: Dry eyes.
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  • Muscles: Soreness, tension, cramps.
  • Muscles.
  • Mind: Decreased concentration, memory problems, mood disorders (e.g. depressive symptoms, nervousness).
  • Resilience.
  • Resistance: Frequent infections, prolonged inflammation.
  • .

DHA supplementation -  recommendations 

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Deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA is common worldwide. 

In the table below you will find recommendations for dietary intake of DHA acid according to age/stage in lifeand.

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Who

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Recommended intake of DHA

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Woman preparing for pregnancy

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200 mg/day if diet is rich in fish and seafood

 

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400 mg/day if diet is not rich in fish and seafood

Pregnant woman

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200 mg/day if diet is rich in fish and seafood

 

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400 mg/day if the diet does not contain fish and seafood

 

1000 mg/day if there is a risk of preterm birth

Breastfeeding women

200 mg/day if diet is rich in fish and seafood

 

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400- 600 mg/day if the diet is not rich in fish and seafood

Breastfed infant up to 6 months

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If the mother consumes DHA, she provides it to the baby directly in the milk

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Infant up to the 6th month fed with modified milk

Milk replacers are compulsorily enriched with DHA, so no supplementation is necessary

Infant formula.

Infant after 6 months, during the expansion of the diet

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Breastfed: if not consuming at least 1 portion of fish per week, DHA supplementation needed

 

Modified milk fed: calculate how much DHA the child is getting in the milk replacer mix and if he/she is not consuming fish, consider supplementation

Children 12-24 months of age

100 mg/day or a portion of oily fish 1-2 x per week

Children from 2 years of age, adolescents and adults

250 mg/day DHA+EPA or a portion of oily fish 1-2 x per week

DHA in capsules, tablet or liquid?

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There are various forms of DHA acid available on the market. Most often, all you need to do is buy a product that signs itself as omega-3. Capsules, liquids and even jellies are available. Manufacturers are increasingly emphasising the lack of fish odour in their products, which is a plus if someone doesn't like it. 

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When supplementing with DHA, it is a good idea to take it with a meal in the presence of healthy fats to ensure the best absorption.
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Aleksandra Cudna.

Aleksandra Cudna Clinical nutritionist

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DHA testing

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If you are considering DHA supplementation, it is worth looking at your diet. You may find that your menu is rich in fish and seafood, so consuming tablets will be unnecessary. However, if in doubt, take a blood test and check the concentration of DHA in your bodyand

Contraindications to DHA supplementation. Who should be careful?

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Sensitivity to the active ingredient or any of the excipients of a particular supplement should be considered. People with clotting disorders blood and liver failure and women using hormonal contraceptionand should also be particularly cautious.

DHA overdose -  is it even possible?

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Remember that more is not better. Taking too much DHA can result in unpleasant symptoms and can harm usand

Symptoms of DHA overdose:

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  • nose bleeding, gum bleeding ,
  • .
  • increased blood sugar levels in people with diabetes ,
  • lowering blood pressure ,
  • relaxation, stomach problems, nausea ,
  • .

Supplementation with omega-3 is relatively safe compared to other supplements. It is worth choosing DHA of the highest quality, obtained from fish living in a safe and low-pollution environment.

DHA acid - where does it occur? Sources of DHA in food

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The human body does not produce DHA, so this acid must be supplied from food or dietary supplements. 

Sources of DHA acid in foodand:

  • hair, 
  • .
  • fork,
  • .
  • tuna, 
  • .
  • trout, 
  • small fish, 
  • ostrils, 
  • .
  • cra, 
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  • marinated herring,
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  • small fish,
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  • snow crab,
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  • spirulina,
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  • algae, seaweed;
  • .

Fish? They are contaminated and dangerous! Are they for sure?"

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Many of my patients react with reluctance to the recommendation to increase the amount of fish in their diet. They fear their contamination with heavy metals. Let us remember that fish of Asian origin (e.g. butterfish, panga) and predatory fish (e.g. swordfish, shark), which are not very popular on the Polish market and do not form the basis of our diet, are characterised by the highest contamination. It is also worth mentioning that the benefits of eating fish still outweigh the risks associated with their consumption. In addition, we can buy MSC-certified fish, which ensures sustainable fish management that saves the environment.
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Aleksandra Cudna.

Aleksandra Cudna Clinical nutritionist

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Eating fish during pregnancy - is it safe?

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Pregnant women often wonder if they can eat fish. Yes, they can! When choosing fish, they should follow two rules:

  • The fish should come from a reliable source - the best fish are caught in the Pacific, Atlantic and North Sea, non-predatory and fatty. 
  • The fish should be as good as possible.
  • Fish should have as few harmful substances as possible. Examples of such fish are: Norwegian salmon, trout, sardine, herring, pollock.
  • .

DHA - take care of your diet. Advice from a nutritionist

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Genuine levels of DHA, which belongs to the valuable omega-3 fatty acids, are needed for us to function healthily. Some advice from our expert to ensure you get the correct amount of this acid and realise its potentialand:

  • Try to enrich your menu with fish and seafood. These foods can be eaten in a variety of ways, such as by steaming, preparing spreads or composing into salads.
  • If you like the taste of fish and seafood, it's a great way to eat it.
  • If you don't like fish and seafood in your diet, why not try algae or algae? It's a great opportunity to taste something new in the kitchen!
  • .
  • Experiment with spices. Look out for curcumin. The curcumin contained in it increases the concentration of DHA.
  • If you can't swallow fish, and algae or algae are not your tastes, consider supplementation. A good DHA supplement should be short and preferably contain cod liver oil rather than fish oil, which will not be a good source of omega-3.
  • .

See also:

Summary

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DHA acid, which belongs to the omega-3 group, has multiple health-promoting effects on our bodies from prenatal life. It is extremely important to look at your diet and find room in it for sources of DHA. Properly selected fish is a healthy and nutritious source of essential acids in our diet.

Do you eat fish? Which ones do you eat most often in your diet? Leave a comment, I'm curious! And if you have questions - write, we'll answer them with an expert.

I invite you to other interesting posts about vitamins and minerals.

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FAQ

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. How much daily intake of DHA + EPA acids?.

The average adult should consume 250 mg per day of DHA+EPA from dietary supplements or eat a portion of oily fish 1-2 times a week. Good dietary supplements include, for example, Natu.Care Premium Omega-3 TG. From food, bet on oily fish containing 7-15% fat, such as salmon, mackerel, herring or sardines.

. Can DHA be overdosed?.

Yes, it is possible to overdose on DHA acids, but this is a very rare occurrence and most often happens through over-supplementation. The body naturally gets rid of excess omega acids. It is impossible to overdose on DHA from food.

. Does DHA cross into milk?.

Yes, DHA acids consumed by a breastfeeding woman penetrate the breastmilk, therefore the need for DHA increases during this period. A breastfeeding mother can supplement with omega-3 fatty acids or incorporate sources of them into a nutritious and varied diet.

. Is DHA a tranic acid?.

Tran contains omega-3 fatty acids - DHA and EPA. The name cod-liver oil covers only the liver oil of cod and cod fish. Dietary supplements described as omega-3 contain oils from other fish (e.g. anchovies, sardines, shark liver). They must not use the name tran.

. Where is the most DHA found?.

The most DHA acid is contained in oily marine fish (their fatty tissue is 7-15% fat). The highest content is found in mackerel, salmon, trout and sardines.

. Is DHA an omega-3?.

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) belongs to the group of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They are essential for the body to function properly and must be supplied from the diet.

. Does DHA make you fat?.

DHA acid belongs to the group of omega-3 acids and is one of the fats that have 9 kcal in 1 g. If you consume a lot of fats from foods and exceed your daily calorie requirements, you may gain weight. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (including DHA) is not calorific - one capsule has about 10 kcal.

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Sources

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. See all.

Amjad Khan, W., Chun-Mei, H., Khan, N., Iqbal, A., Lyu, S.-W., & Shah, F. (2017). Bioengineered Plants Can Be a Useful Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. BioMed Research International, 2017, 7348919. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7348919

Anderson, G. J., Connor, W. E., & Corliss, J. D. (1990). Docosahexaenoic acid is the preferred dietary n-3 fatty acid for the development of the brain and retina. Pediatric Research, 27(1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199001000-00023

Austria, J. A., Richard, M. N., Chahine, M. N., Edel, A. L., Malcolmson, L. J., Dupasquier, C. M. C., & Pierce, G. N. (2008). Bioavailability of alpha-linolenic acid in subjects after ingestion of three different forms of flaxseed. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 27(2), 214-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2008.10719693

Balbás, G. M., Regaña, M. S., & Millet, P. U. (2011). Study on the use of omega-3 fatty acids as a therapeutic supplement in treatment of psoriasis. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 4, 73-77. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S17220

Callaway, J., Schwab, U., Harvima, I., Halonen, P., Mykkänen, O., Hyvönen, P., & Järvinen, T. (2005). Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. The Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 16(2), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546630510035832

Carlson, S. E., Gajewski, B. J., Alhayek, S., Colombo, J., Kerling, E. H., & Gustafson, K. M. (2018). Dose-response relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and lower rates of early preterm birth, low birth weight and very low birth weight. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 138, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2018.09.002

Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A Prospective, Randomized Conquer, J. A., & Holub, B. J. (1996). Supplementation with an algae source of docosahexaenoic acid increases (n-3) fatty acid status and alters selected risk factors for heart disease in vegetarian subjects. The Journal of Nutrition, 126(12), 3032-3039. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.12.3032

Db, M., S, S., & Kr, M. (2018). Role of Piperine as an Effective Bioenhancer in Drug Absorption. Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta, 09(07). https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000591

de Wilde, M. C., Vellas, B., Girault, E., Yavuz, A. C., & Sijben, J. W. (2017). Lower brain and blood nutrient status in Alzheimer's disease: Results from meta-analyses. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 3(3), 416-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2017.06.002

Downie, L. E., Gad, A., Wong, C. Y., Gray, J. H. V., Zeng, W., Jackson, D. C., & Vingrys, A. J. (2018). Modulating Contact Lens Discomfort With Anti-Inflammatory Approaches: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(8), 3755-3766. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24758

Downie, L. E., & Vingrys, A. J. (2018). Oral Omega-3 Supplementation Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Normotensive Adults. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 7(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.7.3.1

Dyall, S. C. (2015). Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: A review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7, 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00052

Eslick, G. D., Howe, P. R. C., Smith, C., Priest, R., & Bensoussan, A. (2009). Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology, 136(1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.03.092

Fokkema, M. R., Brouwer, D. A., Hasperhoven, M. B., Martini, I. A., & Muskiet, F. A. (2000). Short-term supplementation of low-dose gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or GLA plus ALA does not augment LCP omega 3 status of Dutch vegans to an appreciable extent. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 63(5), 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1054/plef.2000.0216

Gerster, H. (1998). Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)? International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition, 68(3), 159-173.

Gupta, R. K., Patel, A. K., Shah, N., Chaudhary, A. K., Jha, U. K., Yadav, U. C., Gupta, P. K., & Pakuwal, U. (2014). Oxidative stress and antioxidants in disease and cancer: A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 15(11), 4405-4409. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4405

Hansen, A. L., Dahl, L., Olson, G., Thornton, D., Graff, I. E., Frøyland, L., Thayer, J. F., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Fish Consumption, Sleep, Daily Functioning, and Heart Rate Variability. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 10(5), 567-575. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3714

Helland, I. B., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Saugstad, O. D., & Drevon, C. A. (2003). Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children's IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics, 111(1), e39-44. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.1.e39

Horrocks, L. A., & Yeo, Y. K. (1999). Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Pharmacological Research, 40(3), 211-225. https://doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1999.0495

Jaroszewski, J. W., Olafsdottir, E. S., Wellendorph, P., Christensen, J., Franzyk, H., Somanadhan, B., Budnik, B. A., Bolt Jørgensen, L., & Clausen, V. (2002). Cyanohydrin glycosides of Passiflora: Distribution pattern, a saturated cyclopentane derivative from P. guatemalensis, and formation of pseudocyanogenic α-hydroxyamides as isolation artefacts. Phytochemistry, 59(5), 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00485-X

Jawa, A., Jawad, A., Riaz, S. H., Assir, M. Z. K., Chaudhary, A. W., Zakria, M., & Akram, J. (2015). Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19(3), 347-350. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.152768

Katz, J., West, K. P., Khatry, S. K., Thapa, M. D., LeClerq, S. C., Pradhan, E. K., Pokhrel, R. P., & Sommer, A. (1995). Impact of vitamin A supplementation on prevalence and incidence of xerophthalmia in Nepal. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 36(13), 2577-2583.

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