Curcumin - what it is, properties, dosage, side effects

Curcumin exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

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Ludwik Jelonek
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Ludwik Jelonek is the author of more than 2,500 texts published on leading portals. His content has found its way into services such as Ostrovit and Kobieta Onet. At Natu.Care, Ludwik educates people in the most important area of life - health.

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Ilona Bush
Master of Pharmacy

Ilona Krzak obtained her Master of Pharmacy degree from the Medical University of Wrocław. She did her internship in a hospital pharmacy and in the pharmaceutical industry. She is currently working in the profession and also runs an educational profile on Instagram: @pani_z_apteki

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Curcumin - what it is, properties, dosage, side effects
22 October, 2024
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If turmeric is called the golden spice, curcumin is its diamond essence. It can relieve inflammation, improve heart health and also support the treatment of depression.

That is why, together with Ilona Krzak, M.Sc. in pharmacy, and Witold Tomaszewski, Ph.D., I will present you with the most important information about it.

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From this article you will learn:

  • What curcumin is and where it occurs.
  • What properties it has.
  • What properties curcumin has.
  • .
  • Where is it used and which supplement to choose.
  • Whether curcumin is used or not.
  • Whether curcumin and turmeric are the same.
  • Why curcumin and turmeric are the same thing.
  • Why curcumin is often combined with piperine.
  • .
  • In what forms it occurs and how to dose it.
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  • What are the contraindications and side effects of curcumin.
  • .

See also:

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What is curcumin?

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Curcumin is a bioactive component of curcumin with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antioxidant effects. Studies suggest its efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases, heart conditions, and in offsetting oxidative stress. Curcumin is poorly absorbed, but its absorption is increased by, for example,  piperine (by 2000%)and.

Where does curcumin occur?

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Curcumin is the main active ingredient in the rhizome of turmeric (also known as long oyster or Indian saffron), a plant belonging to the ginger family. Curcumin gives turmeric its characteristic intense yellow colour. It is therefore often used in the food industry as a colouring agent e.g. for pasta.

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Curcumin - properties and effects

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Curcumin is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Research indicates that it is effective in preventing and supporting the treatment of chronic conditions such as heart disease and cancer. Curcumin may also support brain function, reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and alleviate symptoms of depression and arthritisand.

What effects does curcumin have?

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Reduces inflammation

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Inflammation is the body's natural response to infections, for example. It is a kind of alarm that mobilises your immune system to fight back. There's nothing wrong with this - what's more, it's essential for fighting off potential illnesses properly.

The problem arises when inflammation does not subside, i.e. it becomes chronic. Then it is risky for health and can lead to serious diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension or type 2 diabetesand. Curcumin is one of the best anti-inflammatory agents.

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Firstly, it blocks signals in the body that fuel inflammation. And secondly, it helps fight free radicals - the unstable particles that are created in excessive inflammation and cause damage to your cellsand.

There's more.

In addition, curcumin helps to reduce symptoms of inflammation. This is particularly important for gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcers or bowel disease .

What does the research say?

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A study was conducted on dozens of obese teenage girls in 2019. The patients were divided into two groups - one took curcumin and the other a placebo. After 10 weeks of regular supplementation, group one had both lower inflammation and levels of oxidative stress in the bodyand.

Shows antioxidant activity

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Free radicals are unstable molecules that are formed in the body as a result of various metabolic processes and from exposure to environmental pollutants.

Excess free radicals lead to oxidative stress, which is one of the causes of many chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer.

Curcumin protects your cells by combating free radicals. What's more, it supports the body's overall antioxidant activity, which improves your natural defence capabilities.

It doesn't stop there, curcumin also has a positive effect on the concentration of glutathione in the body. This is a compound that is considered by many to be one of the most powerful antioxidantsand.

A meta-analysis of four studies conducted on 308 patients in 2019 examined the effects of curcumin on oxidative stress. The mean age of the participants was 28 years, the duration of supplementation was 67 days and the dose of curcumin was 645 mg per day. The meta-analysis showed that curcumin increased the body's antioxidant defences and also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is considered an indicator of oxidative stressand.

Promotes heart health

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Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organisation reports that 17.9 million people die each year from cardiovascular conditions. That's about 49,000 people per day, 2,000 people per hour, 34 existences per minute - that's how many people died when you read the previous paragraphand.

Healthy living is the main way to prevent heart disease. However, research suggests that curcumin may also be an effective helper.

His anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects counteract the development of atherosclerosis. This is a heart condition that causes abnormalities that result in restricted blood flowand.

What's more, studies have shown that curcumin can improve the function of the endothelium, the layer of cells lining the inside of your blood vessels. Its malfunction is one of the main factors leading to the development of heart diseaseand.

A study of 39 healthy postmenopausal men and women, aged 45-74 years, found that giving them curcumin (2000 mg/day for 12 weeks) improved endothelial function in small arteries (by 37%) and large arteries (by 36%) .

Can support cancer treatment

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Cancer treatment is difficult and complicated, which is why doctors are constantly looking for new, effective therapies. Among the natural substances that promise results in this area is curcumin.

Curcumin.

Probably it has the ability to target and destroy cancer cells without damaging healthy ones. Studies conducted show that it may have the ability to induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cellsand.

Curcumin for cancer is also able to inhibit angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels. Cancer cells often use angiogenesis to gain access to nutrients and oxygen, enabling them to grow and spread rapidly in the body. Curcumin's inhibition of angiogenesis limits the tumour's ability to growand.

Last, but not least, is curcumin's ability to inhibit metastasis, the process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body .

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Despite promising research results, it is important to emphasise that the use of curcumin is not a stand-alone anti-cancer therapy and cannot replace standard cancer treatment.

It is, however, a valuable supplement that can help in the fight against this dangerous disease. As always, any use of supplements, especially in the context of a serious illness, should be discussed in detail with your doctor.

Testing

A 30-day study conducted on men with colon cancer lesions examined the effect of supplementation with 4 grams of curcumin daily. The cancerous lesions of patients taking this dose decreased by 40%and.

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Curcumin may interact with anticancer drugs, so taking supplementation should be discussed with your healthcare provider.
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Ilona Krzak.

Ilona Krzak Master of Pharmacy

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Inhibits the development of Alzheimer's disease

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Alzheimer's disease is a chronic degenerative brain disorder for which no cure has yet been invented. However, as it turns out, curcumin may play an important role in supporting people with this disease.

Research suggests that curcumin crosses the blood-brain barrier. The effect of this is to support nerve cells under attack from free radicals, as well as fighting inflammationand.

Furthermore, one of the medical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of so-called amyloid plaques in the body. These are the structural changes that make Alzheimer's disease so dangerous. Preliminary research suggests that curcumin may promote the removal of these plaques from the patient's bodyand.

Reduces symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that attacks the joints and beyond. It manifests as pain, inflammation, and stiffness and swelling in the joints and feetand.

Some studies suggest, that curcumin supplementation is more effective in supporting the treatment of this condition than anti-inflammatory drugs. Other trials, on the other hand, have focused on symptoms and found that taking it reduces painful symptomsand. However, according to MSc Pharmacy, one should be careful:

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Anti-inflammatory drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis - with prolonged supplementation - can cause ulcerative gastroenteritis.
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Ilona Krzak.

Ilona Krzak Master of Pharmacy

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Supports the treatment of depression

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Depression is a common mental disorder, affecting approximately 5% of the world's adult population. It is associated with a significant decrease in mood, loss of interest in daily activities and sleep disturbancesand.

Research suggests that curcumin may be an effective treatment aid for depression. One study divided patients into three groups:

  • taking an antidepressant drug,
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  • supplementing with 1000 mg of curcumin daily,
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  • using both an antidepressant drug and a curcumin supplement,
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The group that took the supplement had a better sense of wellbeing after week 6 of the study than the group that took the drug alone. In contrast, in the group that took both the drug and the supplement, the effects were even betterand.

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Curcumin's mental enhancement effects probably depend on its effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Ilona Krzak.

Ilona Krzak Master of Pharmacy

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Helps women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

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Premenstrual syndrome manifests as fatigue, mood changes, and sleep or concentration disorders. Research suggests that curcumin may be an effective agent to support the treatment of this condition.

One study evaluated the effects of curcumin on PMS symptoms. The study involved a total of 70 women, who were divided into two groups: one took curcumin capsules, and the other a placebo, for seven days before menstruation and for three days after menstruation - for three consecutive menstrual cyclesand.

The study was conducted by the authors of the study.

After three cycles, the average severity of PMS symptoms in the curcumin-taking group decreased compared with the placebo group .

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Positive effects on weight loss

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While curcumin alone is not the best weight-loss remedy, with the addition of piperine it can really do a lot (below on why you should combine the two).

In 2015, a study was conducted in which participants were given 8 mg of piperine and 800 mg of curcumin daily. After 30 days, a reduction in body weight and waist and hip circumference was noted in the subjectsand.

Remember, however, that curcumin is not a typical weight-loss agent and should never be used exclusively for this purpose. It can only be a support to a proper diet and physical activity.

Curcumin - what else does it work forand?

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  • Helps the function liver.
  • May relieve post-workout muscle soreness.
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  • Slows the aging process of the body.
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  • Promotes the digestive system.
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  • Provides a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.
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  • Promotes lipid metabolism.
  • .

Applications of curcumin - where is it used?

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Curcumin is mainly used in medicine and dietary supplements. All of the above properties mean that you can find it both as a main and additional ingredient in many preparations. In addition, it also has other uses.

  • Spices. Curcumin, rich in curcumin, is often used as a spice in South Asian and Middle Eastern cuisines. It adds a unique flavour and intense yellow colour to dishes.
  • .
  • Cosmetics. Curcumin is also a common ingredient in cosmetic products. Its potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties make it commonly used in skin care formulations.
  • Colorants. Because of its intense yellow colour, curcumin is often used as a natural dye in the food, textile and pharmaceutical industries.
  • .

Curcumin versus curcumin - which is better and how do they differ?

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Curcumin and curcumin are terms that are similar to each other - both in terms of spelling and the characteristics themselves. Despite this, many people use these names interchangeably, and they refer to two different things.

  • Curcuma is a natural spice that is made from the root of the plant of the same name. It is widely used in cooking, especially in Indian and Asian cuisine (e.g. for curries), as well as in traditional medicine, such as Ayurveda, for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
  • Curcumin is the main active ingredient in turmeric. It is this particular compound that is responsible for most of the positive health effects attributed to turmeric. Curcumin accounts for only about 3.14% of turmeric by weight. Despite this, it is being intensively researched due to its potential health benefits, which are described aboveand.
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Curcumin is extracted from the rhizome Curcuma longa.
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Ilona Krzak.

Ilona Krzak Master of Pharmacy

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Best curcumin supplements and preparations - which ones to choose?

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Best for the liver

Pharmovit Curcumin + Piperine

4.9
Pharmovit Curcumin + Piperine
  • Curcumin content: 237.50 mg
  • .
  • Additional active ingredients: micronized apple pomace, black pepper fruit extract (including piperine)
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 90 days
  • .
Product description

Curcumin + Piperine Pharmovit is a dietary supplement that supports liver health, fatódigestion, joints and the immune system. Long Oyster Extract provides up to 237.50 mg of curcumin, while Black Pepper Fruit Extract contains 9.50 mg of piperine. 

The supplement has no fillers or colourings 

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Pros and cons

Curcumin + Piperine Pharmovit is a dietary supplement that supports liver health, fatódigestion, joints and the immune system. Long Oyster Extract provides up to 237.50 mg of curcumin, while Black Pepper Fruit Extract contains 9.50 mg of piperine. 

The supplement has no fillers or colourings 

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Additional information

Curcumin + Piperine Pharmovit is a dietary supplement that supports liver health, fatódigestion, joints and the immune system. Long Oyster Extract provides up to 237.50 mg of curcumin, while Black Pepper Fruit Extract contains 9.50 mg of piperine. 

The supplement has no fillers or colourings 

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Curcumin + Piperine Pharmovit is a dietary supplement that supports liver health, fatódigestion, joints and the immune system. Long Oyster Extract provides up to 237.50 mg of curcumin, while Black Pepper Fruit Extract contains 9.50 mg of piperine. 

The supplement has no fillers or colourings 

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Plant extracts

Solgar Turmeric and Cherry Complex

4.6
Solgar Turmeric and Cherry Complex
  • Curcumin content: 360 mg turmeric root extract
  • .
  • Additional Active Ingredients: Extract of common cherry fruitós, ginger rhizome extract, quercetin, powdered unprocessed cayenne pepper fruit, BioPerine® black pepper fruit extract;
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 2 capsules daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 30 days
  • .
Product description

Formula based on plant extracts and substances that are powerful antioxidants. It helps the body fight inflammation and accelerated cell degeneration and death.

The ingredients have a beneficial effect on the health and appearance of the skin and improve the quality of life.

The formula's ingredients show beneficial effects on the health and appearance of the skinóry and improve liver function, as well as enhancing immunity.

Pros and cons

Formula based on plant extracts and substances that are powerful antioxidants. It helps the body fight inflammation and accelerated cell degeneration and death.

The ingredients have a beneficial effect on the health and appearance of the skin and improve the quality of life.

The formula's ingredients show beneficial effects on the health and appearance of the skinóry and improve liver function, as well as enhancing immunity.

Additional information

Formula based on plant extracts and substances that are powerful antioxidants. It helps the body fight inflammation and accelerated cell degeneration and death.

The ingredients have a beneficial effect on the health and appearance of the skin and improve the quality of life.

The formula's ingredients show beneficial effects on the health and appearance of the skinóry and improve liver function, as well as enhancing immunity.

Best for digestion

Sundose° Daily Lightness°

4.8
Sundose° Daily Lightness°
  • Active ingredients: caraway extract, artichoke extract, curcumin, piperine and probiotics
  • Form: capsules + powder
  • .
  • Dose: 1 sachet + 3 hard capsules
  • Sufficient for: 30 days
  • .
Product description

Sundose° Daily Lightness° is a formula thatós supports the stomach and liver, reduces the frequency of gasóing and bloating, and supports optimal digestion. The formula contains no unnecessary additivesós, and the composition of the active ingredients (e.g. curcumin with piperine) mutually enhances their absorption.
The dietary supplement from Sundose comes in two flavour versions: orange and green.

Pros and cons

Sundose° Daily Lightness° is a formula thatós supports the stomach and liver, reduces the frequency of gasóing and bloating, and supports optimal digestion. The formula contains no unnecessary additivesós, and the composition of the active ingredients (e.g. curcumin with piperine) mutually enhances their absorption.
The dietary supplement from Sundose comes in two flavour versions: orange and green.

Additional information

Sundose° Daily Lightness° is a formula thatós supports the stomach and liver, reduces the frequency of gasóing and bloating, and supports optimal digestion. The formula contains no unnecessary additivesós, and the composition of the active ingredients (e.g. curcumin with piperine) mutually enhances their absorption.
The dietary supplement from Sundose comes in two flavour versions: orange and green.

Sundose° Daily Lightness° is a formula thatós supports the stomach and liver, reduces the frequency of gasóing and bloating, and supports optimal digestion. The formula contains no unnecessary additivesós, and the composition of the active ingredients (e.g. curcumin with piperine) mutually enhances their absorption.
The dietary supplement from Sundose comes in two flavour versions: orange and green.

Simple composition

Primabiotic Turmeric + piperine

4.8
Primabiotic Turmeric + piperine
  • Turmeric content: 400 mg rhizome extract curcumin, including 380 mg curcuminoids
  • .
  • Additional active ingredients: piperine
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
Product description

The product will support liver function and improve digestion. It will have a beneficial effect on the circulatory system. Supplementation with turmeric may be helpful in the treatment of chronic inflammation      

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The addition of piperine improves the absorption of turmeric into the body for maximum supplementation effects.

Pros and cons

The product will support liver function and improve digestion. It will have a beneficial effect on the circulatory system. Supplementation with turmeric may be helpful in the treatment of chronic inflammation      

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The addition of piperine improves the absorption of turmeric into the body for maximum supplementation effects.

Additional information

The product will support liver function and improve digestion. It will have a beneficial effect on the circulatory system. Supplementation with turmeric may be helpful in the treatment of chronic inflammation      

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The addition of piperine improves the absorption of turmeric into the body for maximum supplementation effects.

The product will support liver function and improve digestion. It will have a beneficial effect on the circulatory system. Supplementation with turmeric may be helpful in the treatment of chronic inflammation      

.

The addition of piperine improves the absorption of turmeric into the body for maximum supplementation effects.

29x higher bioavailability

Dr. Jacob's Liposomal Turmeric

4.8
Dr. Jacob's Liposomal Turmeric
  • Curcumin content: 1000 mg (including 200 mg curcuminoidsów)
  • .
  • Additional active ingredients: none
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 2 capsules daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
Product description

The combination of curcumin and phospholipidsóin the dietary supplement results in a synergistic effect of the active ingredients and up to 29 times increased bioavailability of curcumin.

Pros and cons

The combination of curcumin and phospholipidsóin the dietary supplement results in a synergistic effect of the active ingredients and up to 29 times increased bioavailability of curcumin.

Additional information

The combination of curcumin and phospholipidsóin the dietary supplement results in a synergistic effect of the active ingredients and up to 29 times increased bioavailability of curcumin.

3 valuable ingredients

OstroVit Curcumin + Black Pepper + Ginger

4.7
OstroVit Curcumin + Black Pepper + Ginger
  • Curcumin content: 300 mg, including 285 mg curcuminoidsów
  • .
  • Other active ingredients: piperine, ginger
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 90 days
  • .
Product description

Preparation with standardised extracts with herbal ingredients thatóre positively influencing the functioning of the body. Curcumin improves digestion, has an antioxidant effect and supports jointós health. Ginger helps to reduce inflammationólation, has an anti-bioactive effect and is rich in antioxidants. Piperine increases the bioavailability of someós food substances, has anti-inflammatory effects and increases thermogenesis in the body.

Pros and cons

Preparation with standardised extracts with herbal ingredients thatóre positively influencing the functioning of the body. Curcumin improves digestion, has an antioxidant effect and supports jointós health. Ginger helps to reduce inflammationólation, has an anti-bioactive effect and is rich in antioxidants. Piperine increases the bioavailability of someós food substances, has anti-inflammatory effects and increases thermogenesis in the body.

Additional information

Preparation with standardised extracts with herbal ingredients thatóre positively influencing the functioning of the body. Curcumin improves digestion, has an antioxidant effect and supports jointós health. Ginger helps to reduce inflammationólation, has an anti-bioactive effect and is rich in antioxidants. Piperine increases the bioavailability of someós food substances, has anti-inflammatory effects and increases thermogenesis in the body.

Standardised extract

YANGO Curcumin

4.7
YANGO Curcumin
  • Curcumin Content: 700 mg (including 665 mg curcuminoids)
  • Form: capsules
  • Serving Size: 2 capsules per day
  • Sufficient for: 30 days
Product description

Turmeric extract combined with black pepper extract, containing piperine, which increases the bioavailability of active ingredients.

Turmeric may naturally support the proper functioning of the liver. Additionally, it may help maintain a healthy cardiovascular system and appropriate cholesterol levels in the blood.

Black pepper supports healthy digestion.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Easy-to-swallow capsules.
  • Standardization of turmeric root extract indicates high-quality raw material.
  • Piperine enhances the absorption of turmeric.
  • Product suitable for vegans.

Cons:

  • None
Additional information

Do not use in cases of bile duct obstruction – curcumin increases bile production.

Does not contain shellfish, eggs, fish, nuts, soy, dairy ingredients, celery, mustard, sesame.

Helps the liver

Pharmovit Curcumin C3 95% curcuminoids

4.9
Pharmovit Curcumin C3 95% curcuminoids
  • Curcumin content: 332.50 mg
  • .
  • Additional active ingredients: black pepper fruit extract
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose:1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
Product description

Pharmovit Curcumin C3 dietary supplement is a long-stem extract standardised to 95% curcuminoidsós (including 75-81% curcumin) with the addition of 5 mg BioPerine® (black pepper extract standardised to 95% piperine). 

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The product contains no synthetic bulking agents, anti-caking agents or coloursów. It is vegan, vegetarian and gluten-free. 

Preparation supports jointóskinóhealth, improves liver function and aids in fatódigestion.

Pros and cons

Pharmovit Curcumin C3 dietary supplement is a long-stem extract standardised to 95% curcuminoidsós (including 75-81% curcumin) with the addition of 5 mg BioPerine® (black pepper extract standardised to 95% piperine). 

.

The product contains no synthetic bulking agents, anti-caking agents or coloursów. It is vegan, vegetarian and gluten-free. 

Preparation supports jointóskinóhealth, improves liver function and aids in fatódigestion.

Additional information

Pharmovit Curcumin C3 dietary supplement is a long-stem extract standardised to 95% curcuminoidsós (including 75-81% curcumin) with the addition of 5 mg BioPerine® (black pepper extract standardised to 95% piperine). 

.

The product contains no synthetic bulking agents, anti-caking agents or coloursów. It is vegan, vegetarian and gluten-free. 

Preparation supports jointóskinóhealth, improves liver function and aids in fatódigestion.

Pharmovit Curcumin C3 dietary supplement is a long-stem extract standardised to 95% curcuminoidsós (including 75-81% curcumin) with the addition of 5 mg BioPerine® (black pepper extract standardised to 95% piperine). 

.

The product contains no synthetic bulking agents, anti-caking agents or coloursów. It is vegan, vegetarian and gluten-free. 

Preparation supports jointóskinóhealth, improves liver function and aids in fatódigestion.

An effective formula for immune support

Sundose° Daily Shield°

4.9
Sundose° Daily Shield°
  • Active ingredients: vitamin Czincmagnesiumomega-3 acids, ginger extract, beta-glucans, garlic extract, curcumin, piperinevitamin D3, lactoferrin
  • Form: powder + capsules 
  • .
  • Packaging: 30 sachets + 60 soft capsules + 60 hard capsules + 30 hard capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 sachet per day, 1 hard capsule, 2 soft capsules, 2 hard capsules
  • Sufficient for: 30 days
  • .
Product description

Daily Shield° is an effective dietary supplement thatóry can support immunity. Its base is lactoferrin, which is a protein found in breast milk thatós particularlyóly supportive of the immune system.

In addition to lactoferrin, the dietary supplement from Sundose provides up to 10 active ingredients to support immunity. The formula also prevents inflammation and speeds up recovery from illness.

Daily Shield° comes in twoóflavours: green and orange.

Pros and cons

Daily Shield° is an effective dietary supplement thatóry can support immunity. Its base is lactoferrin, which is a protein found in breast milk thatós particularlyóly supportive of the immune system.

In addition to lactoferrin, the dietary supplement from Sundose provides up to 10 active ingredients to support immunity. The formula also prevents inflammation and speeds up recovery from illness.

Daily Shield° comes in twoóflavours: green and orange.

Additional information

Daily Shield° is an effective dietary supplement thatóry can support immunity. Its base is lactoferrin, which is a protein found in breast milk thatós particularlyóly supportive of the immune system.

In addition to lactoferrin, the dietary supplement from Sundose provides up to 10 active ingredients to support immunity. The formula also prevents inflammation and speeds up recovery from illness.

Daily Shield° comes in twoóflavours: green and orange.

Daily Shield° is an effective dietary supplement thatóry can support immunity. Its base is lactoferrin, which is a protein found in breast milk thatós particularlyóly supportive of the immune system.

In addition to lactoferrin, the dietary supplement from Sundose provides up to 10 active ingredients to support immunity. The formula also prevents inflammation and speeds up recovery from illness.

Daily Shield° comes in twoóflavours: green and orange.

Drops

Aura Herbals Turmeric extract

4.9
Aura Herbals Turmeric extract
  • Curcumin content: NovaSOL turmeric extract® 670 mg (standardized to min. 6% curcuminoidsóincluding 4.75 – 5.5% curcumin)
  • .
  • Additional active ingredients: none
  • .
  • Form: drops
  • .
  • Dose: 22 drops per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 37 days
  • .
Product description

Add drops to your water, juice or other beverage – that's all it takes to enjoy the health benefits of turmeric. By supplementing turmeric extract, you will improve the functioning of your immune system and proper liver function.

Pros and cons

Add drops to your water, juice or other beverage – that's all it takes to enjoy the health benefits of turmeric. By supplementing turmeric extract, you will improve the functioning of your immune system and proper liver function.

Additional information

Add drops to your water, juice or other beverage – that's all it takes to enjoy the health benefits of turmeric. By supplementing turmeric extract, you will improve the functioning of your immune system and proper liver function.

65x higher bioavailability

Dr. Jacob's NeuraCur

4.8
Dr. Jacob's NeuraCur
  • Curcumin content: 400 mg
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 2 capsules daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
Product description

A dietary supplement containing ingredients designed for people who want to take care of their brain, nervous system and mental performance.

Pros and cons

A dietary supplement containing ingredients designed for people who want to take care of their brain, nervous system and mental performance.

Additional information

A dietary supplement containing ingredients designed for people who want to take care of their brain, nervous system and mental performance.

Probiotic

Panaseus Bowel Formula

5.0
Panaseus Bowel Formula
  • Active ingredients: L-glutamine, fennel seed extract, marigold flower extract, Indian frankincense bark resin extract, incense, inulin, rhizome extract curcuma, sodium butyrate, probiotic bacteria 
  • .
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 50 days
  • .
Product description

Using Panaseus Digestive Formula can help improve intestinal health by supporting the intestinal barrier, reducing inflammation, protecting against damage and restoring healthy intestinal microflora.

Experience a rós difference in gut function with plant extracts, amino acids and probiotic bacteria.

Pros and cons

Using Panaseus Digestive Formula can help improve intestinal health by supporting the intestinal barrier, reducing inflammation, protecting against damage and restoring healthy intestinal microflora.

Experience a rós difference in gut function with plant extracts, amino acids and probiotic bacteria.

Additional information

Using Panaseus Digestive Formula can help improve intestinal health by supporting the intestinal barrier, reducing inflammation, protecting against damage and restoring healthy intestinal microflora.

Experience a rós difference in gut function with plant extracts, amino acids and probiotic bacteria.

Good mood

YANGO Hapisiv

4.9
YANGO Hapisiv
  • Active ingredients: acetyl-L-carnitine, Curcumin C3 Complex® turmeric rhizome extract, góginseng root extract, L-tryptophan, valerian root extract, saffron, vitamin B6vitamin B12.
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 1 capsule 2 times daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 45 days
  • .
Product description

A dietary supplement thatós going to take care of your mood and nervous system. It will support you in times of stress, overload of responsibilitiesów or seasonal mood drops. By taking Hapisiv, you will gain energy and a good mood.

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Natural support of vitamins, amino acidsós and plant extractsós works gently but effectively.

Pros and cons

A dietary supplement thatós going to take care of your mood and nervous system. It will support you in times of stress, overload of responsibilitiesów or seasonal mood drops. By taking Hapisiv, you will gain energy and a good mood.

.

Natural support of vitamins, amino acidsós and plant extractsós works gently but effectively.

Additional information

A dietary supplement thatós going to take care of your mood and nervous system. It will support you in times of stress, overload of responsibilitiesów or seasonal mood drops. By taking Hapisiv, you will gain energy and a good mood.

.

Natural support of vitamins, amino acidsós and plant extractsós works gently but effectively.

With women in mind

Sundose° Her Daily Longevity°

5.0
Sundose° Her Daily Longevity°
Product description

Her Daily Longevity° is a dietary supplement specifically designed to meet the needs of women. It will provide you with everything you need to take care of your health and appearance. A comprehensive blend of omega-3 acidsós, vitamins and mineralsós, supplemented with valuable plant extracts, will provide you with optimal support for your body.

The rich supplement formula has been developed to activate sirtuins, proteins with scientifically proven anti-ageing effects. This combination of nature and science will keep you looking young for years to come.

Thanks to the add & personalise function you can tailor the formulation to your individual needs.

Pros and cons

Her Daily Longevity° is a dietary supplement specifically designed to meet the needs of women. It will provide you with everything you need to take care of your health and appearance. A comprehensive blend of omega-3 acidsós, vitamins and mineralsós, supplemented with valuable plant extracts, will provide you with optimal support for your body.

The rich supplement formula has been developed to activate sirtuins, proteins with scientifically proven anti-ageing effects. This combination of nature and science will keep you looking young for years to come.

Thanks to the add & personalise function you can tailor the formulation to your individual needs.

Additional information

Her Daily Longevity° is a dietary supplement specifically designed to meet the needs of women. It will provide you with everything you need to take care of your health and appearance. A comprehensive blend of omega-3 acidsós, vitamins and mineralsós, supplemented with valuable plant extracts, will provide you with optimal support for your body.

The rich supplement formula has been developed to activate sirtuins, proteins with scientifically proven anti-ageing effects. This combination of nature and science will keep you looking young for years to come.

Thanks to the add & personalise function you can tailor the formulation to your individual needs.

User review

Her Daily Longevity° is a dietary supplement specifically designed to meet the needs of women. It will provide you with everything you need to take care of your health and appearance. A comprehensive blend of omega-3 acidsós, vitamins and mineralsós, supplemented with valuable plant extracts, will provide you with optimal support for your body.

The rich supplement formula has been developed to activate sirtuins, proteins with scientifically proven anti-ageing effects. This combination of nature and science will keep you looking young for years to come.

Thanks to the add & personalise function you can tailor the formulation to your individual needs.

9 active ingredients

YANGO Flexan

4.7
YANGO Flexan
  • Curcumin content: 80 mg
  • .
  • Other active ingredients: glucosamine, MSM, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, Indian frankincense, vitamin C, piperine
  • Form: capsules
  • .
  • Dose: 2 capsules per day
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 45 days
  • .
Product description

Flexan™ contains up to 9 active ingredientsócreating strong, natural support for the musculoskeletal system.

Pros and cons

Flexan™ contains up to 9 active ingredientsócreating strong, natural support for the musculoskeletal system.

Additional information

Flexan™ contains up to 9 active ingredientsócreating strong, natural support for the musculoskeletal system.

Supports the liver

Pharmovit extracts in drops liver support

4.9
Pharmovit extracts in drops liver support
  • Active ingredients: spotted thistle seed extract, rhizome extract curcuma, artichoke leaf extract. 
  • Form: drops
  • .
  • Dose: 9 drops daily
  • .
  • Sufficient for: 60 days
  • .
Product description

Liver Support Extracts Drops is a dietary supplement containing a combination of 3 plant extractsóglycerin-water. 

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The ingredients, such as milk thistle, artichoke, and turmeric (long thistle), support liver health, digestion and digestive function.

Pros and cons

Liver Support Extracts Drops is a dietary supplement containing a combination of 3 plant extractsóglycerin-water. 

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The ingredients, such as milk thistle, artichoke, and turmeric (long thistle), support liver health, digestion and digestive function.

Additional information

Liver Support Extracts Drops is a dietary supplement containing a combination of 3 plant extractsóglycerin-water. 

.

The ingredients, such as milk thistle, artichoke, and turmeric (long thistle), support liver health, digestion and digestive function.

Liver Support Extracts Drops is a dietary supplement containing a combination of 3 plant extractsóglycerin-water. 

.

The ingredients, such as milk thistle, artichoke, and turmeric (long thistle), support liver health, digestion and digestive function.

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Where can you buy curcumin?

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You can buy curcumin both in pharmacies, herbal shops and online shops. Keep in mind, however, that stationary the choice will most often not be very large. On the internet you can find such brands of curcumin supplements as Aliness, HealthLabs, Solgar, Silver or KFD. The price of curcumin is most often a few tens of zlotys, but this depends on the manufacturer.

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Curcumin with piperine - why are they often combined?

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As you already know, curcumin exhibits a number of health-promoting properties. However, its bioavailability (ability to be absorbed and utilised by the body) is very low. This is most likely due to its rapid metabolism in the gut and liver, as well as its low solubility in waterand.

Piperine, the active ingredient in black pepper, can increase the bioavailability of curcumin, by up to 2000%. This happens by reducing the metabolism of curcumin in the liver and increasing absorption through the intestinal membranes, resulting in more curcumin in the bloodstreamand.

In a nutshell: curcumin + piperine together work better, faster and more effectively than separately.

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Piperine can irritate the gastric mucosa, so people with peptic ulcer disease should be wary of it.
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Ilona Krzak.

Ilona Krzak Master of Pharmacy

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Is there curcumin in the form of a medicine?"

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Curcumin does not exist in drug form. All preparations available on the market are dietary supplements.

In what forms does curcumin occur?

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Curcumin comes in many forms. Some are suitable only for cooking, others are for supplementation, and others are cosmetics that support beauty.

  • Natural turmeric. This is the raw rhizome of turmeric containing natural curcumin. It is mostly poorly absorbed but can be a good addition to a variety of dishes.
  • Curcumin powder. One of the most popular and easily accessible ways to consume curcumin. The powder is extracted from dried turmeric rhizomes. It has good bioavailability and is convenient for supplementation.
  • .
  • Turmeric tablets. Contains concentrated turmeric extract and is often enriched with additives to increase the bioavailability of curcumin (such as piperine).
  • Liquid curcumin. Liquid curcumin usually comes in drop form, which is recommended for people who have difficulty swallowing curcumin capsules.
  • Creams, ointments, lotions. Curcumin is used in many skin care products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Market available curcumin most often contains about 77% curcumin in the form of curcuminoids.

What is liposomal, micellar and micellised curcumin?

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Micellar curcumin is a curcumin that is encapsulated in micelles.

Type

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Characteristics

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Liposomal curcumin

Liposomal curcumin is curcumin contained in liposomes, which are small, sheathed membranes formed from lipids. The liposomes increase the bioavailability and absorption of curcumin in the body, allowing it to maximise its health benefits.

Micellar curcumin

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Micellar curcumin is curcumin that has been encapsulated in micelles. A micelle is a small, spherical structure that can penetrate the permeable intestinal wall, allowing for increased absorption of curcumin.

Micellized curcumin

Micelised curcumin has undergone a micellization process. It increases its bioavailability by converting it into small molecules (micelles), which are more easily absorbed by the body.

How to dose curcumin?

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The dosage of curcumin depends on its form, as well as the expected effects. If you are using curcumin from natural turmeric, in the form of a spice, then limit yourself to 3000 mg per day. In this form, it is a good idea to add it to a variety of dishes or drinks.

Dosages in supplements, on the other hand, vary depending on the intended use. However, effective daily servings are 1000-2000 mgand.

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Contraindications to the use of curcumin

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Curcumin is generally considered a safe substance that can be taken by most people. However, as with other remedies, there are groups of people who should avoid it.

Contraindications to the use of curcumin includeand:

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    .
  • pregnancy,
  • .
  • breastfeeding period,
  • .
  • diseases of the liver or gallbladder,
  • .
  • blood clotting problems,
  • .
  • taking hypertension or antidiabetic, anticoagulant medication,
  • .

These contraindications relate primarily to dietary supplements. In the kitchen, you can use turmeric as a spice without fear - if you do so in moderation, of course.

Curcumin - side effects

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Most often, the consumption of curcumin has no side effects. Side effects do occur in sensitive individuals, and those who heavily overdo the dosage.

Side effects of taking curcumin includeand:

  • abdominal pain,
  • .
  • nausea,
  • .
  • diarrhea,
  • .
  • zgaga,
  • .
  • headaches,
  • .

Most often these symptoms appear a few hours after an overdose of curcumin. If you experience them, stop taking this remedy immediately. In case these side effects persist - see your doctor.

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.
Some people who supplement with curcumin may experience side effects. In most cases, however, these are those who overdo the dosage of supplements or the seasoning of dishes. I would also point out that drinking water with turmeric, especially on an empty stomach (a popular way to supplement), can irritate the stomach.
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Dr Witold Tomaszewski.

Witold Tomaszewskidoctor of medical sciences

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Curcumin - doctor's opinion

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High doses of curcumin are not recommended for long-term use. Studies are still lacking to confirm its safety. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends taking 3 mg/kg body weight.
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Dr Witold Tomaszewski.

Witold Tomaszewskidoctor of medical sciences

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See also:

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Summary

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.
  • Curcumin is the bioactive component of turmeric, with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antioxidant effects.
  • It is effective in neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and depression.
  • .
  • Curcumin supports heart health, can help treat cancer, and can also support people with Alzheimer's disease.
  • Curcumin is used in medicine, dietary supplements, spices, cosmetics and as a colouring agent in industry.
  • Liposomal, micellar and micellised curcumin are forms of curcumin that increase its bioavailability, which improves the effectiveness of the treatment.
  • Safe dosage of curcumin is 1000 to 2000 mg per day.
  • .
  • Pregnancy, lactation and certain medical conditions and therapies are contraindications to its use.
  • .

FAQ

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. Can curcumin be taken with contraceptive pills?.

Yes, there are no studies that indicate direct contraindications to combining curcumin with contraceptive pills. However, be aware that curcumin may affect the metabolism of drugs in the liver, potentially altering their effectiveness. Therefore, it is always advisable to consult your doctor.

. What formula does curcumin have?.

The chemical formula of curcumin is: C21H20O6.

. Can curcumin help treat diabetes?

Yes, research suggests that curcumin may play an important role in supporting the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes. Curcumin has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties and affects the regulation of blood sugar levels.

. Can I take curcumin during pregnancy?.

No, one of the contraindications to the use of curcumin is pregnancy. Although curcumin is a natural substance and is generally safe, not enough studies have been conducted on pregnant and lactating women to confirm its safety.

An exception to this contraindication is other doctor's recommendations.

. Can curcumin support mental health?.

Yes, curcumin has potential mental health benefits. It has neuroprotective effects, meaning it protects neurons from damage. In addition, studies have shown that curcumin may contribute to reducing symptoms of depression. It has also been observed to have beneficial effects on improving memory and concentration.

. Can curcumin be consumed with alcohol?.

While the spice, when used in small amounts in dishes, will not cause an interaction with alcohol, this is not the case with supplements.

Consuming alcohol during curcumin supplementation may increase the risk of side effects. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the interaction of curcumin with alcohol, so it is better not to abuse alcoholic beverages during supplementation.

. Does curcumin have analgesic effects?.

Yes, research suggests that curcumin may act as a natural analgesic. Curcumin's anti-inflammatory effects may reduce pain caused by conditions such as arthritis.

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Sources

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. See all.

Akbari, M., Lankarani, K. B., Tabrizi, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., Peymani, P., Ferns, G., Ghaderi, A., & Asemi, Z. (2019). The Effects of Curcumin on Weight Loss Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in Pharmacology10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.00649

Amalraj, A., Pius, A., Gopi, S., & Gopi, S. (2017). Biological activities of curcuminoids, other biomolecules from turmeric and their derivatives - A review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine7(2), 205-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.005

Astinfeshan, M., Rasmi, Y., Kheradmand, F., Karimipour, M., Rahbarghazi, R., Aramwit, P., Nasirzadeh, M., Daeihassani, B., Shirpoor, A., Gholinejad, Z., & Saboory, E. (2019). Curcumin inhibits angiogenesis in endothelial cells using downregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Food Bioscience29, 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2019.04.005

Beba, M., Mohammadi, H., Clark, C. C. T., & Djafarian, K. (2022). The effect of curcumin supplementation on delayed-onset muscle soreness, inflammation, muscle strength, and joint flexibility: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy Research36(7), 2767-2778. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7477

Chandran, B., & Goel, A. (2012). A Randomized, Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. Phytotherapy Research26(11), 1719-1725. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4639

Chen, M., Du, Z.-Y., Zheng, X., Li, D.-L., Zhou, R.-P., & Zhang, K. (2018). Use of curcumin in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regeneration Research13(4), 742. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.230303

Giordano, A., & Tommonaro, G. (2019). Curcumin and Cancer. Nutrients11(10), 2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102376

Gupta, S. C., Sung, B., Kim, J. H., Prasad, S., Li, S., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2013). Multitargeting by turmeric, the golden spice: From kitchen to clinic. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research57(9), 1510-1528. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201100741

Hewlings, S. J., & Kalman, D. S. (2017). Curcumin: A Review of Its Effects on Human Health. Foods6(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6100092

Jakubczyk, K., Drużga, A., Katarzyna, J., & Skonieczna-Żydecka, K. (2020). Antioxidant Potential of Curcumin-A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Antioxidants9(11), 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111092

Khayat, S., Fanaei, H., Kheirkhah, M., Moghadam, Z. B., Kasaeian, A., & Javadimehr, M. (2015). Curcumin attenuates severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine23(3), 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.04.001

Li, H., Sureda, A., Devkota, H. P., Pittalà, V., Barreca, D., Silva, A. S., Tewari, D., Xu, S., & Nabavi, S. M. (2020). Curcumin, the golden spice in treating cardiovascular diseases. Biotechnology Advances38, 107343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.010

Marchio, P., Guerra-Ojeda, S., Vila, J. M., Aldasoro, M., Victor, V. M., & Mauricio, M. D. (2019). Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity2019, e8563845. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8563845

Menon, V. P., & Sudheer, A. R. (2007). ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF CURCUMIN. IN B. B. Aggarwal, Y.-J. Surh, & S. Shishodia (Eds.), The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease (Vol. 595, pp. 105-125). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_3

Ng, T. K. S., Ho, C. S. H., Tam, W. W. S., Kua, E. H., & Ho, R. C.-M. (2019). Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences20(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020257

Prasad, S., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2011). Turmeric, the Golden Spice: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Medicine. IN I. F. F. Benzie & S. Wachtel-Galor (Ed.), Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects (2nd ed.). CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/

Rafiee, S., Bagherniya, M., Askari, G., Sathyapalan, T., Jamialahmadi, T., & Sahebkar, A. (2021). The Effect of Curcumin in Improving Lipid Profile in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. IN P. C. Guest (Ed.), Studies on Biomarkers and New Targets in Aging Research in Iran: Focus on Turmeric and Curcumin (pp. 165-177). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_10

Sanmukhani, J., Satodia, V., Trivedi, J., Patel, T., Tiwari, D., Panchal, B., Goel, A., & Tripathi, C. B. (2014). Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Phytotherapy Research28(4), 579-585. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5025

Santos-Parker, J. R., Strahler, T. R., Bassett, C. J., Bispham, N. Z., Chonchol, M. B., & Seals, D. R. (2017). Curcumin supplementation improves vascular endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stress. Aging9(1), 187-208. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101149

Saraf-Bank, S., Ahmadi, A., Paknahad, Z., Maracy, M., & Nourian, M. (2019). Effects of curcumin supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress among healthy overweight and obese girl adolescents: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research: PTR33(8), 2015-2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6370

Sikora, E., Scapagnini, G., & Barbagallo, M. (2010). Curcumin, inflammation, ageing and age-related diseases. Immunity & Ageing7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4933-7-1

Tang, M., Larson-Meyer, D. E., & Liebman, M. (2008). Effect of cinnamon and turmeric on urinary oxalate excretion, plasma lipids, and plasma glucose in healthy subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition87(5), 1262-1267. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1262

The top 10 causes of death. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

Use of curcumin in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease-PMC. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5950688/

Zhang, L., Fiala, M., Cashman, J., Sayre, J., Espinosa, A., Mahanian, M., Zaghi, J., Badmaev, V., Graves, M. C., Bernard, G., & Rosenthal, M. (2006). Curcuminoids enhance amyloid-beta uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer's disease patients. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD10(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2006-10101

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Meet the team
Ludwik Jelonek - Tekst

Natu.Care Editor

Ludwik Jelonek

Ludwik Jelonek is the author of more than 2,500 texts published on leading portals. His content has found its way into services such as Ostrovit and Kobieta Onet. At Natu.Care, Ludwik educates people in the most important area of life - health.

Ilona Bush - Recenzja

Master of Pharmacy

Ilona Bush
Verified by an expert

Ilona Krzak obtained her Master of Pharmacy degree from the Medical University of Wrocław. She did her internship in a hospital pharmacy and in the pharmaceutical industry. She is currently working in the profession and also runs an educational profile on Instagram: @pani_z_apteki

Bart Turczynski - Redakcja

Editor-in-Chief

Bart Turczynski

Bart Turczynski is the editor-in-chief of Natu.Care. He is responsible for the quality of the content created on Natu.Care, among others, and ensures that all articles are based on sound scientific research and consulted with industry specialists.

Nina Wawryszuk - Fact-checking

Natu.Care Editor

Nina Wawryszuk

Nina Wawryszuk specialises in sports supplementation, strength training and psychosomatics. On a daily basis, in addition to writing articles for Natu.Care, as a personal trainer she helps athletes improve their performance through training, diet and supplementation.

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