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Taking collagen in your 40s (Best collagen supplements for women and men over 40)

Collagen after 40 is the way to maintain firm skin, strong nails and shiny hair.

AuthorLudwik Jelonek

Author

Ludwik Jelonek

Natu.Care Editor

Ludwik Jelonek is the author of more than 2,500 texts published on leading portals. His content has found its way into services such as Ostrovit and Kobieta Onet. At Natu.Care, Ludwik educates people in the most important area of life - health.

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Reviewed byJulia Skrajda

Verified by an expert

Reviewed by

Julia Skrajda

Clinical nutritionist

A clinical nutritionist, she works in the profession and creates personalised menus and recommendations for disease entities.

Learn more about our editorial process

Edited byBart Turczynski

Edited by

Bart Turczynski

Editor-in-Chief

Bart Turczynski is the editor-in-chief of Natu.Care. He is responsible for the quality of the content created on Natu.Care, among others, and ensures that all articles are based on sound scientific research and consulted with industry specialists.

Learn more about our editorial process

Fact-checkingEmilia Moskal

Fact-checking

Emilia Moskal

Natu.Care Editor

Emilia Moskal specialises in medical and psychological texts, including content for medical entities. She is a fan of simple language and reader-friendly communication. At Natu.Care, she writes educational articles.

Learn more about our editorial process

Taking collagen in your 40s (Best collagen supplements for women and men over 40)

03 December, 2024

Recenzja27 June, 2023

Redakcja29 June, 2023

Fact-checking26 June, 2023

Learn more about our editorial process

13 min

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Life begins in your 40s and that's cool. But it would be nicer to go through that life without wrinkles, aching joints and broken fingernails.

Collagen can be an effective aid. That's why, together with clinical nutritionist Julia Skrajda, we present the most important information about it.

Collagen is a great way to help you.

From this article you will learn:

How collagen helps you stay healthy.
Which collagen supplement is best.
Why fish collagen and hydrolysed collagen are the best combination.

See also:

What properties does collagen have?

Collagen is a key protein in the human body. It is responsible for the structure of the skin, nails, hair, joints and connective tissue. Supplementation with collagen can affect various elements of the body.

skin health. Collagen plays a key role in skin elasticity, firmness and regeneration. Supplementation can reduce wrinkles and improve the appearance of the skin, reducing drynessand.
Joint support. Collagen is an important component of cartilage, so it can help maintain healthy joints and reduce joint pain .
Bone strengthening. As an essential element of bone, collagen can prevent bone loss and reduce the risk of osteoporosis .
Hair and nail health. Collagen may affect the growth and strength of hair and nails, making them less brittleand.
Muscle condition. Collagen can help to increase muscle mass, especially when combined with strength training. It also helps to maintain proper muscle structureand.
Heart health. Collagen helps maintain the health of blood vessels and the structure of arteries, which can ensure better blood circulationand.
Improving tendon and ligament elasticity. Collagen is an important component of ligaments and tendons, so supplementation may be beneficial in their regeneration and elasticityand.
Gut health. Collagen contains amino acids that may support gut and intestinal barrier healthand.

Best collagen after 40 - ranking

Best overall

Natu.Care Collagen Premium 5000 mg, mango & passion fruit

5.0

Collagen content: 5000 mg marine collagen hydrolysate
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (and L-theanine and coenzyme Q10 in cocoa flavoured collagen or vitamin A and vitamin E in mango–passion fruit flavoured collagen)
Form: powder sachets
Dose: 1 sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

Product description

Fish collagen from the Natu.Care brand in a dose of 5000 mg, based on certified ingredients of the best quality. Regular supplementation will positively influence the appearance of the skinóry, hairów and nails – they will be rebuilt and strengthened from the inside.

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Natu.Care Premium Collagen is available in two flavours – Cacao Bloom and Rise&Shine. Both formulas are based on the following active ingredients: marine collagen hydrolysate, wild roseóbud extract and hyaluronic acid.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

These best fish collagens on the market also rós taste – Cacao Bloom is a treat for chocolate lovers. Rise&Shine will appeal to those whoólike the refreshing taste of mangoófruit and passion fruit.

Pros and cons

Pros:

Vitamin C supports the body's collagen production, enhancing its effectiveness.
An effective dose of hyaluronic acid, which additionally supports skin hydration and joint health.
Fish collagen absorbs 50% better. Additionally, the manufacturer specifies the fish species it is sourced from (Atlantic cod).
The composition has been tested by the independent and accredited J.S. Hamilton laboratory.
MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) quality certification, which confirms that the collagen source supports sustainable fishing practices.

Cons:

None.

Additional information

Natu.Care's fish collagen receives praise for its delicious taste. You won't find the fishy aftertaste that often comes through in other collagens. Plus, you have two tasty flavors to choose from: cocoa and mango-passionfruit.

Active ingredients like coenzyme Q10, hyaluronic acid, and natural L-theanine provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits while slowing down aging processes.

User review

Super, after about 6 weeks of use, the skin on my face became noticeably firmer. Wonderful taste.

Ania ZalewskaNatu.Care customer

Refreshing taste

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg, various flavours

4.7

Collagen content: 3000 mg collagen hydrolysate fish
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C
Form: powder
Dose: 1.5 scoops per day
Sufficient for: 30 days
Available flavours: orange, raspberry-cranberry, blackcurrant and flavourless variant (without added vitamin C)

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Product description

Dietary supplement in a highly bioavailable form of hydrolysed collagen SeaGarden fish®. This formula has high bioavailability– youróbody will use collagen faster and more efficiently where you need it most.

A 3,000 mg serving of collagen benefits your hair, skinóhand and nails, as well as the functioning of your jointsómuscles and bones. The action of collagen is complemented by vitamin C, whichóra supports the natural production of the youth protein in the body and also helps with its absorption. It is also a great anti-ageing antioxidant.

Natu.Care's Collagen 3000 mg is available in three fruit flavours (orange, raspberry-cranberry, blackcurrant) and a flavourless variant. The powder dissolves very well, does not form lumps in the liquid and you can add it to your favourite yoghurt, oatmeal or smoothie.

Pros and cons

Pros:

Fish collagen in the SeaGarden® formula is highly bioavailable, so your body absorbs and utilizes it faster and more effectively.
Regular supplementation positively impacts skin, hair, and nails, and supports the musculoskeletal system.
The composition has been tested by the independent and accredited J.S. Hamilton laboratory.
The product is certified for sustainable fishing practices.
Vitamin C in the formula supports the body’s natural collagen production, enhancing its effects.
The collagen contains no unnecessary additives like artificial colorings or flavors. All ingredients are naturally sourced.
Available in three refreshing, fruity flavors or a flavorless option.

Cons:

None.

Additional information

The collagen powder has excellent solubility.

The collagen is sweetened with steviol glycosides from stevia, which are natural, safe, and suitable for diabetics.

Pure collagen

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg, tasteless

4.6

Collagen content: 3000 mg collagen hydrolysate fish
Additional active ingredients: none
.
Form: powder
.
Dose: one scoop per day
.
Sufficient for: 30 days
.

See price

Product description

The dietary supplement contains only pure fish collagen in the formula SeaGarden®. This Norwegian collagen is characterised by its purity and high bioavailability, which means that youróy body will utilise the collagen faster and more effectively.

Regular supplementation fish collagen benefits hair, skinóhand and nails and supports joints, muscles and bones. It improves the appearance of the skinóry and slows down its ageing, giving it a healthy glow.

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Pros and cons

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Additional information

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Aura Herbals Colladrop Forte

4.5

Collagen content: 10,000 mg sea collagen
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C and coenzyme Q10
Form: sachets of powder
Dosage: one sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

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Product description

A dietary supplement containing fish collagen for drinking in a high dose of 10,000 mg hydrolysate. It also offers you additional health and beauty benefits thanks to its coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C content. Supplementation with collagen can improve the appearance of your skinóskin, hairónails and improve the function of your jointsómuscles and bones.

Pros and cons

Additional information

SOLVE LABS Collagen Peptides

4.2

Collagen content: 6000 mg hydrolyzed beef collagen type I and III COLLinstant®
Additional active ingredients: hyaluronic acid
Form: powder
Dose: one scoop (6 g) daily
Sufficient for: 30 days

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Product description

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

The combination of collagen and hyaluronic acid has a beneficial effect on the appearance of your skinóry. Your complexion will become firmer, moisturised and wrinkles will become shallower. The effects can also be felt on your hair: it becomes soft and shiny. The nail plate will regain its healthy appearance.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

Pros and cons

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

Additional information

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

User review

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

Sundose° For Skin Anti-Aging°

4.8

Collagen content: 5000 mg of collagen hydrolysate
.
Additional active ingredients: hyaluronic acid and vitamin C
.
Form:sachets of powder to be dissolved in lukewarm water
.
Dosage: one sachet per day
.
Sufficient for: 30 days
.

See price

Product description

Simple composition without unnecessary additivesós. High-quality fish collagen with vitamin C and hyaluronic acid. The active ingredients are designed to support the health and appearance of your skinóskin, hairóand nails.

Pros and cons

Additional information

User review

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Pharmovit Collagen Women

4.6

Collagen content: 5000 mg hydrolyzed collagen VERISOL
Additional active ingredients: hyaluronic acid, coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, biotin, zinc, vitamin E, vitamin B6, copper, selenium, vitamin A, extracts of grape seed and field horsetail herb
.
Form: sachets of powder
.
Dose: 1 sachet per day
.
Sufficient for: 20 days
.

See price

Product description

Collagen hydrolysate in a good dose with numerous additives in the form vitamins, mineralsów and plant extracts. The product can effectively moisturise, firm and make the skin more elastic. In addition, collagen has a positive effect on the condition of hairów, nails and jointsów.

The vitamins and minerals contained in the formula are no small benefit. Thanks to them you can count on additional beauty and immunity support. In addition, some of them, e.g., vitamin C or vitamin A, support the production and absorption of collagen in the body.

The vitamins and minerals contained in the formula are no small benefit.

Pros and cons

The vitamins and minerals contained in the formula are no small benefit.

Additional information

The vitamins and minerals contained in the formula are no small benefit.

User review

The vitamins and minerals contained in the formula are no small benefit.

Collagen Reme

4.0

Collagen content: 2500 mg pork collagen
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C, niacin (vitamin B3), riboflavin (vitamin B2), vitamin A, biotin, vitamin D, zinc, manganese, copper, iodine, selenium
Form: powder
Dose: one scoop per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

Product description

The dietary supplement from Remé contains beef collagen in the patented VERISOL formula and vitamin C, whichóra aids its absorption. The formula comes in three flavours: neutral, orange-maracuja and strawberry-pomegranate. The formula can effectively support and improve the condition of the skin hair and nails. It is also

Pros and cons

Additional information

COLLIBRE Beauty Drink

4.2

Collagen content: 10,000 mg hydrolyzed collagen beef collagen
Additional active ingredients: vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, silicon
Form: shots
Dose: 1 shot per day (140 ml)
Sufficient for: 30 days

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Product description

The dietary supplement from COLLIBRE contains Swiss collagen hydrolysate in a high daily dose of 10,000 mg. In addition, the formula provides vitamins and silicon thatósupport the health of hairóskinóand nails.

Pros and cons

Additional information

User review

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See also:

How much collagen is in the body after the age of 40?

Degradation of collagen in the human body begins at around 25 years of age. In contrast, the average, annual loss is about 1.5 per cent. Therefore, we can assume that people who are just over 40 have about 77 per cent collagen in their body. But people who are closer to 50 have only 62 per cent of the youth proteinand.

Don't forget that the exact level of collagen in the body also depends on other factors. Collagen in the body is also destroyed by drinking alcohol, smoking or prolonged exposure to sunlight. Therefore, if you have an unhealthy lifestyle, you are most likely lacking collagen.

Symptoms of collagen deficiency after the age of 40

Collagen deficiency can lead to a number of symptoms that affect various aspects of health.

Symptoms of collagen deficiency can include:

Decreased skin elasticity. Collagen content affects skin elasticity, and collagen deficiency leads to loss of firmness and signs of ageing, such as wrinkles and sagging skinand.
Weaker hair and nails. Collagen plays an important role in the development of hair and nails, and a deficiency can cause brittleness, weakness and slower growthand.
Joint pain. Collagen supports the maintenance of healthy joint function, so a deficiency can lead to stiffness, pain and the progression of joint diseases such as osteoporosisand.
Decreased muscle mass. Collagen is an important muscle builder, so a lack of collagen can lead to muscle weakness and slower recovery processes after exerciseand.
Oral health problems. Collagen deficiency can affect the health of teeth and gums, leading to periodontal disease, bleeding gums, or periodontitisand.
Problems with the skeletal system. Collagen affects bone strength, and a deficiency can lead to weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis .

Hydrolysed and freeze-dried collagen - which to choose for second youth?

The two most popular types of collagen available on the market are hydrolysed and freeze-dried collagen. The table below will help you choose the better option.

. .

Liophilisation is the freezing and evaporation of water to produce a dry collagen powder.

	Hydrolysed collagenand	Lyophilized collagen
Production process	Hydrolysis is the separation of collagen molecules into smaller peptides using enzymes or acids. This allows the supplement to be better absorbed and provide greater benefits. Hydrolysis is the process by which collagen is broken down into smaller peptides.	Liophilisation is the freezing and evaporation of water to obtain a dry collagen powder. This makes the preparation longer lasting and more stable.
Absorption .	Higher than freeze-dried collagen due to smaller particles and better bioavailability.	Higher than freeze-dried collagen due to smaller particles and better bioavailability.	Lower than hydrolyzed, due to the lack of breakdown into smaller molecules.	Higher than hydrolyzed, due to the lack of breakdown into smaller molecules.
Water solubility .	Good solubility - dissolves quickly in water and other liquids.	Higher solubility compared to hydrolysed, requires more time and vigorous mixing.	Good solubility.
Price	Lower than freeze-dried collagen due to high product availability.	Slightly more expensive than hydrolysed because it is less common and, in some cases, difficult to find.

Summary

Hydrolysed and freeze-dried collagen differ in their manufacturing process, bioavailability and solubility. Hydrolysed is more bioavailable, soluble and costs slightly less. Choosing the right collagen depends on individual preferences, goals and budget.

Why is marine collagen more beneficial than bovine collagen for people over 40 years of age?

Fish collagen (otherwise marine collagen, also known as marine collagen) and bovine collagen are two common types of collagen used in supplements and cosmetic products. Although both have their benefits, fish collagen is often considered superior for several reasons:

Easier absorption. Fish collagen has a lower molecular weight, making it easier for the body to absorb and utilise. Studies suggest that it can absorb up to 50% better than beef collagenand.
Safety. Beef collagen is derived from cattle, which can cause allergies in some people. Fish collagen is less allergenic, making it a better choice for people with allergies to bovine proteins. Furthermore, beef collagen supplementation is also associated with a risk of contracting animal-borne diseasesand.
High content of type I collagen. Fish collagen has a higher content of type I collagen, which is the most common type of collagen in the body (90% of all collagen) .
Sustainable production. Fish collagen is often sourced from wild caught fish in clean waters .
Friendly for pescowegetarians; Fish collagen is the only choice for people who do not eat meat but consume fishand.

What collagen to choose after 40 years of age?

When looking for the right collagen supplement after the age of 40, it is worth considering the following key aspects:

Quantity of collagen. Scientific research suggests that the most effective supplements should contain between 2.5 and 15 grams of hydrolysed collagen. Smaller amounts may be insufficient and larger amounts may not be necessaryand.
Purity of formulation. The best collagen supplements do not contain preservatives or other additives. Remember, it's what's listed on the package that gets into your body.
Active supporters. Analyse the vitamins and minerals that can support collagen synthesis. Vitamin C is worth looking out for, as it plays an important role in the absorption and production of collagen in the body.
Laboratory tests. Independent, accredited laboratories should confirm the quality of the supplement's composition.
Formula formulation. Collagen creams have no real effect on the skin. But the choice between powder, liquid, capsules or tablets depends on your preference.
Origin of collagen. Some manufacturers use collagen extracted from wild caught fish that live in the wild, rather than in farms. Such supplements are environmentally friendly and ensure the welfare of the animals.
Flavour. The pleasant taste will make you eager to use the supplement. And in supplementation, regularity is as important as the quality of the supplement itself. Here you will see the full criteria.

Does collagen in cream work?

Unfortunately, no. Despite manufacturers' promises of regaining skin radiance, the application of collagen to the surface of the skin does not produce the desired results. The reason?

Collagen molecules are too large to penetrate the deeper layers of the epidermis. Although they have a good effect on the hydration and elasticity of the skin, these are only external effects. The softness of the skin that you observe when using a collagen cream is only an illusion. In reality, the skin does not benefit from such cosmeticsand.

Dr Witold Tomaszewski — .
Witold Tomaszewskidoctor of medical sciences
.

See also:

Best anti-wrinkle creams

How to take collagen after the age of 40?

Like other dietary supplements, collagen should be taken as recommended on the packaging or following the advice of your doctor or pharmacist. Before starting supplementation, be sure to check the correct dosage and potential contraindications, as these can vary from product to product.

Collagen protein overdose is rare and usually does not pose a risk. Nonetheless, it is possible to take too much of other nutrients (such as vitamins or minerals) that may be present in supplements in the company of collagen.

Effects of taking collagen protein are not uncommon.

Effects of collagen use - after how long can they be seen?

First results from drinking collagen or taking it in tablet form can be seen after about 8-24 weeks of systematic use. The exact length of time for noticeable effects is related to the individual characteristics of your body.

There is no specific time limit for collagen supplementation - it can be taken continuously.

Contraindications to taking collagen after the age of 40

Collagen supplements are safe for most people. It is a protein that occurs naturally in the body and therefore most often does not cause side effects. Despite this, not everyone can take them.

Collagen contraindications after the age of 40 areand:

pregnancy and breastfeeding period,
selected skin diseases,
allergies to the ingredients of the preparation,
gastrointestinal problems,
adherence to selected medications,
kidney and liver disorders,
some autoimmune disorders,

Side effects with collagen supplementation after the age of 40

Side effects with collagen supplementation are very rare. Most often, supplementation with this protein does not cause negative effects. Occasionally, however, you may experience allergic reactions that include itching or skin rashes. Other side effects include stomach problems such as bloating or nauseaand.

In most cases, the side effects subside when the product in question is discontinued.

Is there any vegan collagen?

There is no vegan collagen. All products that are advertised as vegan collagen are actually supplements that provide you with a collection of amino acids (including lysine) that are part of collagen. These preparations will not provide you with collagen on their own.

Specialists have already taken steps to produce collagen from rice or bamboo, as well as genetically modified youth protein from yeast or bacteria. However, these are preliminary steps that require further confirmationand.

See also:

Summary

At the age of 40, you may experience symptoms of collagen deficiency, such as wrinkles or joint pain.
Collagen has a positive effect on the condition of the skin, joints, hair and nails.
Collagen supplementation can prevent, for example, wrinkles or joint pain.
Hydrolysed collagen is a better option than freeze-dried collagen.
Fish collagen is a better option than freeze-dried collagen.
Fish collagen can be absorbed up to 50% faster than bovine collagen.
Side effects of collagen supplementation are rare and mild.

FAQ

What is the optimal daily dose of collagen?

The appropriate dose of collagen depends on individual needs and supplementation goals. It is generally recommended to take between 2.5 and 15 grams of collagen hydrolysate per day. If additional support is required, it is worth consulting your doctor.

Does collagen aid weight loss?

Collagen is not a weight loss supplement, nor does it guarantee automatic weight loss. However, its properties can help to support weight loss through various aspects:

Improving metabolism and muscle regeneration. Collagen may have a beneficial effect on metabolism and muscle recovery, which is important for healthy weight loss.
Collagen can help to support weight loss.
Controlling feelings of hunger. Collagen supplementation can give a feeling of satiety, leading to a reduction in calorie intake, which can help with weight loss.

Promoting digestive function. Collagen may show positive effects on gastrointestinal function, which is crucial for proper digestion and nutrient absorption.

Which collagen is the healthiest?

Hydrolysed collagen from fish is considered one of the healthiest and best absorbed types of this protein. It is derived from the scales or skins of fish, which are valuable sources of type 1 collagen, which makes up about 90% of the collagen found in human bodies.

Can collagen affect the effects of drugs?"

There is no confirmed information on dangerous collagen-drug interactions. Its dietary content and supplementation should not affect the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. However, for peace of mind and safety, it is advisable to consult your doctor if in doubt.

How to choose the best collagen for your face?

One excellent option for facial collagen is the product Natu.Care Collagen Premium, which contains 10,000 mg of protein. It features a high dose of active ingredients, proven efficacy in laboratory tests and a taste that doesn't resemble fish.

Is it better to take collagen in the morning or in the evening?

Collagen can be drunk at any time of the day, as it has no bearing on the effectiveness of supplementation. Regularity of use is key, leading to strong nails, firm skin and shiny hair.

Is collagen found in chicken feet?

Yes, collagen is found in chicken feet. To take advantage of its properties, you can prepare a decoction using crow's feet. Rinse 10-12 pieces, cook for about 15 minutes, then add vegetables, salt and pepper. Cook everything together for another 3-4 hours, and finally strain the stock.

Sources

See all

Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(3), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355523

Reilly, D. M., & Lozano, J. (2021). Skin collagen through the lifestages: Importance for skin health and beauty. Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 8, 2. https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2020.153

Kahan, V., Andersen, M. L., Tomimori, J., & Tufik, S. (2010). Can poor sleep affect skin integrity? Medical Hypotheses, 75(6), 535-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.018

Fisher, G. J., Quan, T., Purohit, T., Shao, Y., Cho, M. K., He, T., Varani, J., Kang, S., & Voorhees, J. J. (2009). Collagen Fragmentation Promotes Oxidative Stress and Elevates Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Fibroblasts in Aged Human Skin. The American Journal of Pathology, 174(1), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2009.080599

agoda MD, M. R., & Gans PhD, E. H. (2012). A Nutritional Supplement Formulated with Peptides, Lipids, Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Optimizes Key Aspects of Physical Appearance in Nails, Hair and Skin. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, s5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.S5-002

Kujala, U. M., Kaprio, J., & Sarno, S. (1994). Osteoarthritis of weight-bearing joints of lower limbs in former elite male athletes. BMJ, 308(6923), 231-234. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6923.231

Moskowitz, R. W. (2000). Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 30(2), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1053/sarh.2000.9622

Yes, Y. J., Kim, Y. J., Lee, J. G., Yi, Y.-H., Cho, Y. H., Kang, G. H., & Lee, S. Y. (2019). Effect of Oral Ingestion of Low-Molecular Collagen Peptides Derived from Skate (Raja Kenojei) Skin on Body Fat in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Marine Drugs, 17(3), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17030157

Ueno, R., Takaoka, Y., Shimojo, N., Ohno, F., Yamaguchi, T., Matsunaga, K., & Kameda, M. (2020). A case of pediatric anaphylaxis caused by gummy tablets containing fish collagen. Asia Pacific Allergy, 10(4), e35. https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e35

Hu, Z., Yang, P., Zhou, C., Li, S., & Hong, P. (2017). Marine Collagen Peptides from the Skin of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Characterization and Wound Healing Evaluation. Marine Drugs, 15(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15040102

Collagens of marine origin and their potential applications-PMC. (n.d.). Retrieved 14 April 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4278207/

Marine Collagen from Alternative and Sustainable Sources: Extraction, Processing and Applications-PMC. (n.d.). Retrieved 17 April 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230273/

Silva, T. H., Moreira-Silva, J., Marques, A. L. P., Domingues, A., Bayon, Y., & Reis, R. L. (2014). Marine Origin Collagens and Its Potential Applications. Marine Drugs, 12(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12125881

Jelonek, L. (2023). Collagen. Everything you need to know (B. Turczynski, ed.; 1st ed.). Natu.Care. https://books.google.com/books?vid=9788396887801

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