Best fish collagen for joints and skin 2024 (benefits and reviews)

Fish collagen - the gold standard among youth protein supplements.

AuthorLudwik Jelonek

Natu.Care Editor

Ludwik Jelonek is the author of more than 2,500 texts published on leading portals. His content has found its way into services such as Ostrovit and Kobieta Onet. At Natu.Care, Ludwik educates people in the most important area of life - health.

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Reviewed byJulia Skrajda

Verified by an expert

Reviewed byJulia Skrajda

Clinical nutritionist

A clinical nutritionist, she works in the profession and creates personalised menus and recommendations for disease entities.

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Edited byBart Turczynski

Editor-in-Chief

Bart Turczynski is the editor-in-chief of Natu.Care. He is responsible for the quality of the content created on Natu.Care, among others, and ensures that all articles are based on sound scientific research and consulted with industry specialists.

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Fact-checkingNina Wawryszuk

Natu.Care Editor

Nina Wawryszuk specialises in sports supplementation, strength training and psychosomatics. On a daily basis, in addition to writing articles for Natu.Care, as a personal trainer she helps athletes improve their performance through training, diet and supplementation.

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Best fish collagen for joints and skin 2024 (benefits and reviews)

10 July, 2024

Reviewed by20 April, 2023

Updated by25 April, 2023

Fact-checking18 April, 2023

Learn more about our editorial process

14 min

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Fish collagen is gaining popularity as an alternative to other forms of this protein. Obtained from, for example, the scales and skins of sea creatures, it is distinguished by its unique structure - unique because it is similar to that in your body.

The cosmetic and supplement industry is making thriving use of fish collagen, so it is worth taking a closer look at this unsung hero. Together with clinical nutritionist, Julia Skrajda, we present the most important information about it.

From this article you will learn:

What fish collagen is, whether it works and who should take it.
What are the best fish collagen supplements.
Whether everyone can take fish collagen.

See also:

What is fish collagen?

Fish collagen is a protein extracted from marine sources, mainly the skins and scales of fish, including salmon, tilapia, codand. It is very similar to the collagen that humans produce. It is absorbed better than collagen from other animals. In hydrolysed form, it is an effective supplementand.

And what is the hydrolysed form?

Hydrolysed fish collagen is simply processed collagen that has been broken down into small particles called collagen peptides through a process of hydrolysis - a reaction with water and other factors. You could say that such collagen has been pre-digested so that your body can absorb it more easily.

Doctor's opinion on fish collagen

Dr Witold Tomaszewski — .
Witold Tomaszewskidoctor of medical sciences
.

Which fish collagen to choose - ranking

Number of products analysed: 74. Number of finalists: 8.

The composition of the collagens was assessed by pharmacist Ilona Krzak and nutritionist Julia Skrajda.

Selection criteria:

Collagen content. The most effective products, according to research, have between 2.5 and 15 grams of hydrolysed collagen. A lower dose may be insufficient and a higher dose may be unnecessaryand.
Purity of formulation. You won't find preservatives or other fillers in the best collagen supplements. Remember that the substances listed on the label affect your health.
Additional active ingredients. Vitamins and minerals that promote collagen synthesis. In particular, look out for vitamin C, which accelerates absorption and stimulates the body's production of collagenand.
Testing. The quality of the composition should be confirmed by independent, accredited laboratories.
Origin of collagen. Few manufacturers source collagen from wild-caught (non-breeding) fish. These supplements are characterised by their concern for the environment and animal welfare.
Taste. Let's not pretend - swallowing even the best composition should be a pleasure. Here you will see the full criteria.

Best overall

Natu.Care Collagen Premium 5000 mg, mango & passion fruit

5.0

Collagen content: 5000 mg marine collagen hydrolysate
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (and L-theanine and coenzyme Q10 in cocoa flavoured collagen or vitamin A and vitamin E in mango–passion fruit flavoured collagen)
Form: powder sachets
Dose: 1 sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

Product description

Fish collagen from the Natu.Care brand in a dose of 5000 mg, based on certified ingredients of the best quality. Regular supplementation will positively influence the appearance of the skinóry, hairów and nails – they will be rebuilt and strengthened from the inside.

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Natu.Care Premium Collagen is available in two flavours – Cacao Bloom and Rise&Shine. Both formulas are based on the following active ingredients: marine collagen hydrolysate, wild roseóbud extract and hyaluronic acid.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

These best fish collagens on the market also rós taste – Cacao Bloom is a treat for chocolate lovers. Rise&Shine will appeal to those whoólike the refreshing taste of mangoófruit and passion fruit.

Pros and cons

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

Additional information

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

User review

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

Refreshing taste

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg, various flavours

4.7

Collagen content: 3000 mg collagen hydrolysate fish
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C
Form: powder
Dose: 1.5 scoops per day
Sufficient for: 30 days
Available flavours: orange, raspberry-cranberry, blackcurrant and flavourless variant (without added vitamin C)

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Product description

Dietary supplement in a highly bioavailable form of hydrolysed collagen SeaGarden fish®. This formula has high bioavailability– youróbody will use collagen faster and more efficiently where you need it most.

A 3,000 mg serving of collagen benefits your hair, skinóhand and nails, as well as the functioning of your jointsómuscles and bones. The action of collagen is complemented by vitamin C, whichóra supports the natural production of the youth protein in the body and also helps with its absorption. It is also a great anti-ageing antioxidant.

Natu.Care's Collagen 3000 mg is available in three fruit flavours (orange, raspberry-cranberry, blackcurrant) and a flavourless variant. The powder dissolves very well, does not form lumps in the liquid and you can add it to your favourite yoghurt, oatmeal or smoothie.

Pros and cons

Additional information

Pure collagen

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg, tasteless

4.6

Collagen content: 3000 mg collagen hydrolysate fish
Additional active ingredients: none
Form: powder
Dose: one scoop per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

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Product description

The dietary supplement contains only pure fish collagen in the formula SeaGarden®. This Norwegian collagen is characterised by its purity and high bioavailability, which means that youróy body will utilise the collagen faster and more effectively.

Regular supplementation fish collagen benefits hair, skinóhand and nails and supports joints, muscles and bones. It improves the appearance of the skinóry and slows down its ageing, giving it a healthy glow.

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Pros and cons

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Additional information

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Aura Herbals Colladrop Forte

4.5

Collagen content: 10,000 mg sea collagen
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C and coenzyme Q10
Form: sachets of powder
Dosage: one sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

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Product description

A dietary supplement containing fish collagen for drinking in a high dose of 10,000 mg hydrolysate. It also offers you additional health and beauty benefits thanks to its coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C content. Supplementation with collagen can improve the appearance of your skinóskin, hairónails and improve the function of your jointsómuscles and bones.

Pros and cons

Additional information

Aura Herbals Colladrop Flex

4.4

Collagen content: 5000 mg marine collagen
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, vitamin K1, vitamin D2
Form: sachets of powder
Dose: 1 sachet daily
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

Product description

Fish collagen in sachets for joint healthós and wrinkle reduction with the addition of numerous active ingredientsós including vitamin C, hyaluronic acid and vitamin K1 and rare vitamin D2.

Pros and cons

Fish collagen in sachets for joint healthós and wrinkle reduction with the addition of numerous active ingredientsós including vitamin C, hyaluronic acid and vitamin K1 and rare vitamin D2.

Additional information

Fish collagen in sachets for joint healthós and wrinkle reduction with the addition of numerous active ingredientsós including vitamin C, hyaluronic acid and vitamin K1 and rare vitamin D2.

User review

Fish collagen in sachets for joint healthós and wrinkle reduction with the addition of numerous active ingredientsós including vitamin C, hyaluronic acid and vitamin K1 and rare vitamin D2.

Sundose° For Skin Anti-Aging°

4.8

Collagen content: 5000 mg of collagen hydrolysate
Additional active ingredients: hyaluronic acid and vitamin C
Form:sachets of powder to be dissolved in lukewarm water
Dosage: one sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

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Product description

Simple composition without unnecessary additivesós. High-quality fish collagen with vitamin C and hyaluronic acid. The active ingredients are designed to support the health and appearance of your skinóskin, hairóand nails.

Pros and cons

Additional information

User review

Aura Herbals Colladrop Glow

4.4

Collagen content: 5000 mg collagen hydrolysate
Additional active ingredients: biotin, zinc, coenzyme Q10, hyaluronic acid, selenium, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E and others
Form: sachets of powder to be dissolved in lukewarm water
Dose: one sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

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Product description

Fish collagen with hyaluronic acid and numerous – vitamins and minerals that support beauty and proper functioning of the body. The formula can positively influence the appearance of skinóry, hairów, nails, as well as jointsów.

Pros and cons

Additional information

User review

Aura Herbals, Hair, Skin, Nails - NatiCol fish collagen

4.5

Collagen content: 800 mg Naticol marine collagen
Additional active ingredients: grape seed extract, hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, biotin
Form: capsules
Dose: 1 or 2 capsules daily
Sufficient for: 30/60 days

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Product description

Fish collagen tablets (actually capsules) NatiCol from AuraHerbals is a dietary supplement whichóry contains marine collagen and numerous additional active ingredients.

Pros and cons

Fish collagen tablets (actually capsules) NatiCol from AuraHerbals is a dietary supplement whichóry contains marine collagen and numerous additional active ingredients.

Additional information

Fish collagen tablets (actually capsules) NatiCol from AuraHerbals is a dietary supplement whichóry contains marine collagen and numerous additional active ingredients.

Sundose° Daily Glow°

4.1

Collagen content: 5000 mg collagen hydrolysate PEPTAN®
Additional active ingredients: hyaluronic acid, coenzyme Q10, field horsetail extract, D-biotin, zinc, copper, vitamin A, vitamin C, manganese and omega-3 acids
Form: powder
Dose: one sachet + capsule
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

Product description

Daily Glow is a carefully composed formula based on PEPTAN® fish collagen and other valuable ingredients thatósupport the regeneration of dry skinóry, damaged hairów and brittle nails.

Pros and cons

Daily Glow is a carefully composed formula based on PEPTAN® fish collagen and other valuable ingredients thatósupport the regeneration of dry skinóry, damaged hairów and brittle nails.

Additional information

Daily Glow is a carefully composed formula based on PEPTAN® fish collagen and other valuable ingredients thatósupport the regeneration of dry skinóry, damaged hairów and brittle nails.

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What fish collagen helps with - properties

The properties of fish collagen mean that this protein from the deep sea is winning the hearts of more and more people and scientists (not that scientists aren't people!). Find out what effects fish collagen can have and why you should be interested in it.

See what collagen helps:

Promotes skin health

Collagen is a key component of your skin - responsible for as much as 70-80% of its mass. As a salutary source of the structural and mechanical properties of the dermis, fish collagen can add elasticity and prevent water loss. The result? Firmer, healthy, hydrated skin and fewer wrinklesand.

Will fish collagen remove existing wrinkles?

When the ageing process results in permanent wrinkles, fish collagen and other supplements will not be able to reverse these changes. Cosmetic surgery remains as the only options.

Promotes joint health

Collagen is involved in the production of joint fluid, which reduces friction in the joints. This is essential for the healthy function of, for example, the knees. When collagen production decreases, you also produce less synovium. Without proper lubrication, the cartilage starts to rub painfully. As a result, this can even lead to osteoarthritisand.

A joint without lubricant is like a door without grease - it works, but creaks; it closes, but hard. And eventually, loot!, there can be a problem.

Supplemented fish collagen for joints can give you smooth and, importantly, pain-free movement. So you can stay physically active for many years to come.

Supplemented fish collagen for joints can keep you moving smoothly and, importantly, pain-free.

Promotes hair condition

Although keratin is the main building block of hair, amino acids, including proline, are required for its production. Proline, in turn, can be found in collagen. Everything is connected! Fish collagen for hair can therefore strengthen it and prevent it from falling out or becoming brittle.

Research suggests that free radicals have a negative effect on hair follicles. And this is where fish collagen jumps into action again, as it can act as an antioxidant (chess-mat, free radicals). This reduces the destructive effects of these 'pests' in your body and thus reduces damage to the hair folliclesand.

Important

Pregnant and breastfeeding women who wish to supplement with collagen should advise their health care provider.

Reduces nail brittleness

Just like your hair, your nails are also made up mainly of keratin - meaning we have the keratin-proline-collagen jigsaw again. If you take care with fish collagen supplementation, your nails can gain in flexibility and greater resistance to damage.

Fancy, right? And that's not all. Research suggests that well-chosen fish collagen can make your nails grow fasterand.

In addition, it is collagen that can provide you with arginine. This valuable amino acid will take care of the nail bed and improve its overall condition .

Increases immunity

Fish collagen can boost your immunity as it also provides other valuable amino acids, including glutamine. It is what keeps your immune system strong and ready to fight disease. Youth protein helps to stimulate immune cells, which supports the healing of infectionsand.

As you can probably already see, fish collagen isn't just one protein or amino acid - it's a whole army of different substances that stand at attention to protect your body!

What's more, collagen also takes care of the health of your stomach, and that's important not only for proper digestion, but also for immunity. As many as 70-80% of immune cells live in your gutand. Fish collagen, among other things, can strengthen the mucosal barrier of your intestines and their bacterial flora.

How else does fish collagen workand?

Helps the skeletal system (increases bone density, reduces the risk of fractures).
Promotes blood flow by giving arteries the right structure (this contributes to heart health).
Promotes healthy sleep by maintaining normal blood sugar levels (and sugar spikes will keep you from sleeping well).
Controls the havoc that free radicals wreak - caused, for example, by UV radiation (use screen creams!) or environmental pollutants.

See also:

Which fish collagen to choose?

The best fish collagen is... the one that meets your expectations. In our overview, you have learned about the different products so that you can choose one to suit your needs. Pay particular attention to:

Form: if you don't like capsules, take collagen powder. And if you don't want to dissolve it every day - go for liquid.
Form: if you don't want to dissolve it every day, go for liquid.
Flavour: do you prefer coffee, cocoa or fruit? The choice is yours.
Sportioning: if you prefer take and forget, choose products that offer a full dose of collagen per serving.

The best fish and non-fish collagens (of the highest potency) often contain vitamin C or natural sources of vitamin C (such as rosehip extract), which are better absorbed by the body. The presence of vitamin C may be more important than the amount of collagen itself, as this vitamin significantly affects the proper absorption of this protein.

Julia SkrajdaDietitian

Fish or bovine collagen?

You will find two common types of collagen on the market: fish (marine, otherwise known as marine collagen) and beef collagen. Occasionally you will also come across porcine collagen, but this is a rarer product with similar properties to beef collagen.

Preliminary animal studies have shown that supplementation with bovine collagen contributes to increased concentrations of type I and III collagen in the body. Taking marine collagen, on the other hand, has a beneficial effect on the presence of type I and type II collagenand.

Well, now let's translate this medical jargon into simple language.

To put it in a nutshell, bovine collagen specifically supports skin health, improving elasticity and reducing wrinkles. Marine collagen, on the other hand, contributes to the overall health of the dermis, as well as helping to maintain the health of the hair, nails and cartilage.

We're looking at the following products.

Both types of protein increase the concentration of type I collagen in the body. And it is this that is responsible for 90% of all youth protein. In practice, this means that both will work similarly. But...

Is there a winner?

Yes, and it is the eponymous fish collagen. Studies show that fish collagen is better absorbed (up to 50%) than beef collagen, so it is usually the better choice (unless you have a fish allergy, but more on that below)and.

Better absorbed simply means you will digest it faster and your body will extract more of it.

See also:

What are the types of fish collagen?

There are about 28 types of collagen in the human body (maybe 30, or maybe 270 - oh those scientists, you don't really know). The most important of these, however, is type I and this is the one you can obtain with fish collagen. It is responsible for up to 90% of all collagen in the bodyand.

Fish type I collagen is extracted from the skin, tendons, bones or cartilage of sea creatures. In addition to fish (e.g. longfin catfish or tuna), type I collagen can be obtained from squid or jellyfish, among othersand.

Other types

From marine creatures, fish collagen type II or type IV can also be obtained. The source of the former is mainly shark cartilage. Type IV collagen, on the other hand, is obtained from spongesand.

A much rarer type of marine collagen is type III. Nevertheless, it too can be obtained - for example from fish scales .

See also:

In which products is fish collagen found?

Fish collagen is an ingredient in many products. You will most often encounter it in creams, gels or dietary supplements. The most valuable form of fish collagen is hydrolysate.

Research suggests that taking 2.5-15 grams of hydrolysed fish collagen can have positive effects on skin, hair, nails and even jointsand.

Caution!

Do not buy fish collagen creams. It's a good read. Research suggests, and Dr Witold Tomaszewski, M.D., confirms, that collagen applied externally does not have the benefits that manufacturers claim. Its molecules are too large to penetrate the dermis. Therefore, only externally, it is temporarily able to support its condition.

See also:

Contraindications to fish collagen supplementation

Fish collagen supplementation is safe for the vast majority of people. Of course, if you have allergies to fish and seafood, avoid these supplements. Marine collagen can then cause side effects such as stomach upset, bloating or digestive problemsand.

Sensitisation to fish collagen is, however, rare and dependent on its sources. I.e. you may be allergic to salmon collagen, but the cod one is already putting a smile on your face (well, because who doesn't smile when they see fewer wrinkles?).

The following is an example of this.

In practical terms, this means that if one fish collagen has worked badly for you, you can try another. However, choose a youth protein sourced from a different source (i.e. a different fish).

Collagen overdose is virtually impossible if you follow the manufacturer's recommendations. Doses of up to 10 grams of this protein are commonly used.

Other than allergies, there are potentially limited contraindications to the use of collagen. If you wish to use collagen during pregnancy, consult your healthcare practitioner as a precaution.

See also:

Summary

Fish collagen is extracted from marine sources, mainly the skin and scales of fish.
Fish collagen has a positive effect on the condition of the skin, hair, nails and joints, among other things.
Fish collagen has a positive effect on the condition of the skin, hair, nails and joints.
The best fish collagen supplement is Natu.Care Collagen Premium.
Marine fish collagen can be absorbed up to 1.5 times faster than bovine collagen.
The most common type of collagen extracted from marine sources is type I.
Fish collagen is primarily found in creams and dietary supplements.
Fish collagen is also found in the following products.
Fish collagen is safe for the general public; however, do not take it if you are allergic to fish or seafood.

FAQ

How long to use fish collagen

Apply fish collagen (sea collagen) for approximately 3 months to achieve optimal results for the health of skin, hair and joints. Over this time, with regular use, collagen can help reduce wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, increase hair strength and improve joint health.

Dose between 2.5 and 15 grams of fish collagen per day. If you feel you need more than this, consult your doctor to determine your individual dosage.

Consult your doctor.

What does fish collagen help with?

Fish collagen (from collagen) can support your beauty and allow you to maintain eternal youth. Fish collagen:

firms, firms and hydrates skin,
strengthens hair,
reduces nail brittleness,
improves joints,
positively influences immunity,

How to use collagen powder?

Use collagen (2.5-15 grams of hydrolysate per day) regularly, as this is crucial for optimal results. Incorporate it into your daily routine and it will be child's play. Dissolve the powder in water or a smoothie, mixing well. Pssst... If you have a problem with lumps, buy a frother. For the price of a bar of chocolate, you'll get the equivalent of Excalibur for your collagen voyages.

Choose fish collagen as it is absorbed up to 1.5 times faster than bovine collagen. In practice, this means that it is up to 1.5 times better than beef collagen. This means it can effectively supplement collagen and support beauty (skin, hair, nails) and even joints.

What flushes collagen out of the body?

The main factor that flushes collagen out of the body is age. Other aspects causing collagen deficiency include:

oxidative stress,
UV radiation,
deficiency of vitamins and minerals (mainly vitamin C),
smoking cigarettes,
alcohol abuse (in which case the liver suffers too),
lack of exercise,
consumption of too many simple sugars,

What time of day to take collagen?

Take collagen at any time of day, adapting to your preferences. The effectiveness of these supplements does not depend on the time of day you take them. Choose the right time to maintain the habit. Much more important is regular consumption - it's what gets you closer to healthy nails, firm skin and shiny hair.

What is the difference between fish collagen and regular collagen?

Fish collagen differs from regular collagen in origin and structure. Fish collagen is extracted from marine sources (mainly from skins and bones) and is used in dietary supplements and cosmetics. Normal collagen is found in the human body.

Sources

See all

Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(3), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355523

Reilly, D. M., & Lozano, J. (2021). Skin collagen through the lifestages: Importance for skin health and beauty. Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 8, 2. https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2020.153

Kahan, V., Andersen, M. L., Tomimori, J., & Tufik, S. (2010). Can poor sleep affect skin integrity? Medical Hypotheses, 75(6), 535-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.018

Fisher, G. J., Quan, T., Purohit, T., Shao, Y., Cho, M. K., He, T., Varani, J., Kang, S., & Voorhees, J. J. (2009). Collagen Fragmentation Promotes Oxidative Stress and Elevates Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Fibroblasts in Aged Human Skin. The American Journal of Pathology, 174(1), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2009.080599

agoda MD, M. R., & Gans PhD, E. H. (2012). A Nutritional Supplement Formulated with Peptides, Lipids, Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Optimizes Key Aspects of Physical Appearance in Nails, Hair and Skin. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, s5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.S5-002

Kujala, U. M., Kaprio, J., & Sarno, S. (1994). Osteoarthritis of weight-bearing joints of lower limbs in former elite male athletes. BMJ, 308(6923), 231-234. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6923.231

Moskowitz, R. W. (2000). Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 30(2), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1053/sarh.2000.9622

Yes, Y. J., Kim, Y. J., Lee, J. G., Yi, Y.-H., Cho, Y. H., Kang, G. H., & Lee, S. Y. (2019). Effect of Oral Ingestion of Low-Molecular Collagen Peptides Derived from Skate (Raja Kenojei) Skin on Body Fat in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Marine Drugs, 17(3), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17030157

Ueno, R., Takaoka, Y., Shimojo, N., Ohno, F., Yamaguchi, T., Matsunaga, K., & Kameda, M. (2020). A case of pediatric anaphylaxis caused by gummy tablets containing fish collagen. Asia Pacific Allergy, 10(4), e35. https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e35

Collagens of marine origin and their potential applications-PMC. (n.d.). Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4278207/

Marine Collagen from Alternative and Sustainable Sources: Extraction, Processing and Applications-PMC. (n.d.). Retrieved 17 April 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230273/

Silva, T. H., Moreira-Silva, J., Marques, A. L. P., Domingues, A., Bayon, Y., & Reis, R. L. (2014). Marine Origin Collagens and Its Potential Applications. Marine Drugs, 12(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12125881

Jelonek, L. (2023). Collagen. Everything you need to know (B. Turczynski, ed.; 1st ed.). Natu.Care. https://books.google.com/books?vid=9788396887801

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