Home
Collagen
You will see this deficiency in the mirror

Its deficiency can be seen on the skin. Do you have it? Find out what to do

You will literally see collagen deficiency on your own skin. How to slow down skin ageing?

AuthorNina Wawryszuk

Natu.Care Editor

Nina Wawryszuk specialises in sports supplementation, strength training and psychosomatics. On a daily basis, in addition to writing articles for Natu.Care, as a personal trainer she helps athletes improve their performance through training, diet and supplementation.

Learn more about our editorial process

Reviewed byKatarzyna Srebr

Verified by an expert

Reviewed byKatarzyna Srebr

Cosmetologist

Cosmetologist and linergist with extensive experience working with clients with a wide range of skin health needs and concerns.

Learn more about our editorial process

Edited byBart Turczynski

Editor-in-Chief

Bart Turczynski is the editor-in-chief of Natu.Care. He is responsible for the quality of the content created on Natu.Care, among others, and ensures that all articles are based on sound scientific research and consulted with industry specialists.

Learn more about our editorial process

Fact-checkingEmilia Moskal

Natu.Care Editor

Emilia Moskal specialises in medical and psychological texts, including content for medical entities. She is a fan of simple language and reader-friendly communication. At Natu.Care, she writes educational articles.

Learn more about our editorial process

Its deficiency can be seen on the skin. Do you have it? Find out what to do

27 June, 2024

Reviewed by18 July, 2023

Updated by31 July, 2023

Fact-checking13 July, 2023

Learn more about our editorial process

13 min

Why you can trust us

Articles on Natu.Care are written based on scientific research, data from government websites and other reliable sources. The texts are written in cooperation with doctors, nutritionists and other health and beauty experts. Articles are reviewed before publication and during significant updates.

Learn more about our editorial process

Information on advertisements

Information about advertisements

Content on Natu.Care may contain links to products from the sale of which we may receive a commission. When creating content, we adhere to high editorial standards and take care to be objective about the products discussed. The presence of affiliate links is not dictated by our partners, and we select the products we review ourselves completely independently.

Learn more about our terms and Conditions

Media about us:

Some deficiencies you feel - too little magnesium can cause muscle cramps, and a lack of B vitamins chronic fatigue. But a deficiency of this ingredient will show on your skin. First on the face and neck, and then all over the body.

After the age of 25, your body's natural production of collagen decreases. This causes wrinkles, fine lines and loss of skin firmness. In this article, together with cosmetologist Catherine Srebr, I will show you why this happens and how to put the collagen brake on your skin's ageing process.

See also:

The deficiency can be seen on the skin

You've surely heard that the first signs of skin ageing can be seen on the face. It's true - throughout its life it is incredibly active - laughing, crying, surprised, annoyed. The skin is constantly in motion, so wrinkles and fine lines appear.

The skin around the eyes is the thinnest and therefore the most susceptible to 'breakage'. Skincare mistakes can also contribute to the formation of wrinkles, as the eye area is a very often overlooked area in daily routines, as well as treatments.

Katarzyna SrebrCosmetologist

. .

It is also said that the neck betrays age. But how so, after all, it doesn't deck itself with laughter and grief like the face does. Then why does it also quickly lose its quality and appearance?

It also gives away its quality and appearance.

Decline in skin firmness on the neck is a natural consequence of, among other things, hormonal fluctuations especially during the peri-menopausal period in women (decline in estrogen levels).

Katarzyna SrebrCosmetologist

OK - used skin has the right to change, and some processes (e.g. hormonal) are beyond our control - just our biology. On top of this, there is also collagen deficiency.

The skin detrays you

You can't hide certain skin changes, even under a layer of perfectly applied foundation, highlighter and blush. How does collagen deficiency affect skin quality and appearanceand?

The first fine wrinkles and fine lines appear, especially around the eyes, on the forehead, near the mouth.
The neck may develop horizontal lines and the skin may lose firmness.
Body skin is less elastic, flabby.
Wound healing slows down, e.g. after injury, with stretch marks and scarring.

The skin is made up of approximately 70-80% collagen, so a lack of collagen leads to damage and deterioration.

Katarzyna SrebrCosmetologist

. .

Why does skin age so quickly?

Just like the meme - you're in your 20s with youthful skin, you blink and suddenly you see crow's feet, lion's wrinkle and other animal marks on your skin. How did this happen?

After the age of 25, the average loss of collagen in a woman oscillates around 1.5 per cent per year.

Ilona Krzak Master of Pharmacy

Around 25 years of age the natural production of collagen in your bodyand begins to decline. It's not like you blow out the candles on the cake on your birthday and collagen sets off the skin ageing protocol. It's a longer process that depends on many factors. Your skin starts to deplete collagen for a number of reasons that are within and beyond your controland.

You have no control over:

Genetics. It plays a key role in the rate of skin ageing and the decline in collagen production. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to a faster decline in collagen production compared to othersand.
Enzymatic degradation. As we age, the body begins to produce greater amounts of enzymes, such as MMP metalloproteinases, which degrade collagen. These enzymes are naturally present in the skin and help to remove damaged collagen, but their overproduction or dysregulation can lead to the loss of the youth proteinand.
Decrease in the activity of fibroblast cells. These are responsible for the production of collagen. As we age, they usually show a decrease in activity, leading to less collagen being produced in the skin .

You can influence:

UV radiation. Sunbathing destroys collagen in the skin, so screen cream should be your cosmetic best friend.
Cigarette smoking. Do not actively or passively smoke. There are no half measures. Cigarette smoke contains toxic chemicals that disrupt the chemical structure of collagen and reduce its productionand.
Adequate care. Have you heard that the face ends at the décolletage? The skin of the neck and décolleté should be cared for in the same way as the face. It's also worth taking the time to regularly moisturise the skin all over your bodyand.

Most important information - you can effectively supplement and slow down your skin's aging process.

How to replenish collagen and improve skin quality?

Your skin (especially the layers you can't see) needs support from within. This is why collagen is supplemented through supplementation. Consuming good quality collagen, in the right daily portion and with regularity, can positively affect the quality and appearance of skinand.

Collagen creams don't work

Collagen molecules in cosmetics are too large to penetrate the deeper layers of the skin. They will not replenish collagen, fill wrinkles or stimulate collagen production in the skin.

What collagen to choose?

There are collagens and collagen. It is well known that every manufacturer will tell you that their product is the best. Many will use complicated manufacturing process names or chemical nomenclature to sound more pro. And yet you want pro.

That's why let's put the marketing buzzwords aside and see what the scientific research says. Scientists have looked at how collagen behaves collagen in in vitro tests and how it affects animals and humans.

Thanks to this, we know a lot about collagen, so when looking for collagen for yourself, pay attention to:

Collagen origin and particle size

According to research, the best absorbed form of collagen is hydrolysate collagen fish (also known as marine). Through the process of hydrolysis, which is the breakdown of collagen into smaller particles - collagen peptides, it is more easily and quickly absorbed by your bodyand.

Collagen peptides are better absorbed into the bloodstream than natural or gelatin collagen.

Ilona Krzak Master of Pharmacy

Fish collagen is better absorbed because it is very similar to the collagen that humans produce. According to scientific studies, fish collagen is absorbed up to 1.5 times faster than beef or pork collagen and is less contaminatedand.

Dr Witold Tomaszewski — .
Witold Tomaszewskidoctor of medical sciences

Daily ration

For collagen to have a chance to work, you should provide it in the right dose. Studies have looked at different daily portions of collagen and their effect on improving skin quality. You will get the best results if you take a minimum 2.5g of fish collagen per day.

Many studies suggest that providing your body with this amount of youth protein has a positive effect on your skin becauseand:

hydrates,
flexurises,
gives firmness,
reduces the appearance of cellulite,
reduces the depth of fine wrinkles.

Form of collagen

Collagen supplementation should be effective. Scientific research suggests that the fastest and most effective absorption liquid collagen . drinking collagen contains hydrolysed collagen proteins, which as you already know are better absorbed by the body .

Collagen supplementation should be enjoyable and... tasty. Sipping a few giant capsules is an extemporaneous sport for some, and drinking a liquid with a chemical or fishy aftertaste makes you grimace (it promotes wrinkles!).

Seeking collagen.

Looking for collagen to improve the look and condition of your skin? Opt for effective, convenient and delicious form. You have a lot of interesting products to choose from - check out the summary below, which I've put together with Ilona Krzak, MSc, pharmacist.

Ranking of the best collagens

Best overall

Natu.Care Collagen Premium 5000 mg, mango & passion fruit

5.0

Collagen content: 5000 mg marine collagen hydrolysate
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (and L-theanine and coenzyme Q10 in cocoa flavoured collagen or vitamin A and vitamin E in mango–passion fruit flavoured collagen)
Form: powder sachets
Dose: 1 sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

in the Natu.Care shop

Product description

Fish collagen from the Natu.Care brand in a dose of 5000 mg, based on certified ingredients of the best quality. Regular supplementation will positively influence the appearance of the skinóry, hairów and nails – they will be rebuilt and strengthened from the inside.

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Natu.Care Premium Collagen is available in two flavours – Cacao Bloom and Rise&Shine. Both formulas are based on the following active ingredients: marine collagen hydrolysate, wild roseóbud extract and hyaluronic acid.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

These best fish collagens on the market also rós taste – Cacao Bloom is a treat for chocolate lovers. Rise&Shine will appeal to those whoólike the refreshing taste of mangoófruit and passion fruit.

Pros and cons

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

Additional information

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

User review

In addition to collagen, which is valuable for health and beauty, it also offers other active ingredients that help to maintain a youthful complexion, shiny hair and strong nails.

The formula contains a sufficient portion of the active ingredient to positively affect joints, the musculoskeletal system and immunity.

Additionally, Cacao Bloom contains natural L-theanine, coenzyme Q10 and defatted Dutch cacao. Rise&Shine instead contains vitamin E and vitamin A.

These are the best collagens in the world.

Refreshing taste

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg, various flavours

4.7

Collagen content: 3000 mg collagen hydrolysate fish
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C
Form: powder
Dose: 1.5 scoops per day
Sufficient for: 30 days
Available flavours: orange, raspberry-cranberry, blackcurrant and flavourless variant (without added vitamin C)

See price

in the Natu.Care shop

Product description

Dietary supplement in a highly bioavailable form of hydrolysed collagen SeaGarden fish®. This formula has high bioavailability– youróbody will use collagen faster and more efficiently where you need it most.

A 3,000 mg serving of collagen benefits your hair, skinóhand and nails, as well as the functioning of your jointsómuscles and bones. The action of collagen is complemented by vitamin C, whichóra supports the natural production of the youth protein in the body and also helps with its absorption. It is also a great anti-ageing antioxidant.

Natu.Care's Collagen 3000 mg is available in three fruit flavours (orange, raspberry-cranberry, blackcurrant) and a flavourless variant. The powder dissolves very well, does not form lumps in the liquid and you can add it to your favourite yoghurt, oatmeal or smoothie.

Pros and cons

Additional information

Pure collagen

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg, tasteless

4.6

Collagen content: 3000 mg collagen hydrolysate fish
Additional active ingredients: none
Form: powder
Dose: one scoop per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

in the Natu.Care shop

Product description

The dietary supplement contains only pure fish collagen in the formula SeaGarden®. This Norwegian collagen is characterised by its purity and high bioavailability, which means that youróy body will utilise the collagen faster and more effectively.

Regular supplementation fish collagen benefits hair, skinóhand and nails and supports joints, muscles and bones. It improves the appearance of the skinóry and slows down its ageing, giving it a healthy glow.

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Pros and cons

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Additional information

Natu.Care Collagen 3000 mg has a neutral taste, dissolves well, does not form lumps in liquid and you can add it to your drink, yoghurt or smoothie.

Aura Herbals Colladrop Glow

4.4

Collagen content: 5000 mg collagen hydrolysate
Additional active ingredients: biotin, zinc, coenzyme Q10, hyaluronic acid, selenium, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E and others
Form: sachets of powder to be dissolved in lukewarm water
Dose: one sachet per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

in the Natu.Care shop

Product description

Fish collagen with hyaluronic acid and numerous – vitamins and minerals that support beauty and proper functioning of the body. The formula can positively influence the appearance of skinóry, hairów, nails, as well as jointsów.

Pros and cons

Additional information

User review

{ product:SjhhglBTWh8yGa9f928JG }}

Collagen Reme

4.0

Collagen content: 2500 mg pork collagen
Additional active ingredients: vitamin C, niacin (vitamin B3), riboflavin (vitamin B2), vitamin A, biotin, vitamin D, zinc, manganese, copper, iodine, selenium
Form: powder
Dose: one scoop per day
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

in the Natu.Care shop

Product description

The dietary supplement from Remé contains beef collagen in the patented VERISOL formula and vitamin C, whichóra aids its absorption. The formula comes in three flavours: neutral, orange-maracuja and strawberry-pomegranate. The formula can effectively support and improve the condition of the skin hair and nails. It is also

Pros and cons

Additional information

{ product:1eiyihgASLfslgpBv80Tk1 }}

{ product:7oWtjJtmIVq1UJtl2nlbv5 }}

{ product:1EkI8TNQEQeu3ShOvtMCpk }}

{ product:50HBCaQiAK7rywRIgM1nYm }}

{ product:72qew6mmRt6BgL707KsDvh }}

SOLVE LABS Collagen Peptides

4.2

Collagen content: 6000 mg hydrolyzed beef collagen type I and III COLLinstant®
Additional active ingredients: hyaluronic acid
Form: powder
Dose: one scoop (6 g) daily
Sufficient for: 30 days

See price

in the Natu.Care shop

Product description

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

The combination of collagen and hyaluronic acid has a beneficial effect on the appearance of your skinóry. Your complexion will become firmer, moisturised and wrinkles will become shallower. The effects can also be felt on your hair: it becomes soft and shiny. The nail plate will regain its healthy appearance.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

Pros and cons

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

Additional information

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

User review

High-quality hydrolysate of bovine collagen (types I and III). Thanks to the COLLinstant® collagen peptide extraction technology, the preparation is well absorbed.

A daily serving will support the health of your jointsós, bones and muscles.

{ product:ARqPwt2EUfFPz733rBydW }}

{ product:fyjLpBuQHhzwzRvwxSI3V }}

When will I see the effects of collagen?

Your skin needs several months to replenish collagen. Typically, you will see the first, noticeable effects after about 3 months of daily supplementation. Systematics is the key to healthy and pretty skin.

I recommend you take photos of your skin around the eyes, forehead, whole face from the front and in profile and other areas you want to improve. Compare them after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. This way you will make sure that your product has worked and observe the process of change.

Important

Remember that the condition of your skin is affected by stress, diet, addictions, sleep, among other things - collagen supplementation alone won't do you much good if you smoke a cigarette after drinking it. Standing on the balcony. In full sunlight. Take care to eliminate factors that negatively affect collagen in the body.

See also:

How long to use collagen

How to enhance the effects of collagen?

Remember - if you don't look after your diet, exercise and healthy habits you'll be putting a stick in your spokes (or more literally, in collagen fibres). So if you are thinking about supplementation, pay attention to your lifestyle. Genetics will not find -but other factors will.

Stop smoking. Cigarette smoke contains toxic chemicals that disrupt the chemical structure of collagen and reduce its production. Unfortunately, passive smoking has the same destructive effect on collagen and.
Limit alcohol. It causes inflammation, destroys collagen and weakens skin structure. Alcohol metabolism leads to oxidative stress, which can damage collagen fibres and negatively affect their formationand.
Get a nutritious menu. Too few vitamins and minerals limit the body's collagen synthesis and accelerate its degradation. A variety of meals rich in nutrients is their best and most delicious source.
Don't sweeten yourself (consciously or not). Sugar and refined carbohydrates (present in processed foods) can damage collagen through a process called glycation. Pay attention to how much unnecessary sugar some of the foods you eat contain - you may be shocked. And sweets? Healthy moderation - simply put.
Protect your skin from UV radiation. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation can damage collagen and its fibres. As a result, wrinkles will appear and the condition of the skin can deteriorate. Don't lock yourself in the basement though, just use screen creams and buy a cool hat.
Be active. Moving is a natural way to improve your overall health and wellbeing. You don't move = your body's collagen synthesis process doesn't move. Find your favourite physical activity and do it regularly.
Perform face and body massages. Regular stimulation of the skin improves circulation and affects the appearance of the skin. Dry brushing, jade massages or facial yoga are great for improving the condition of the skin. PS. Don't forget to give your scalp a massage, which promotes new hair growth.

Cosmetologist recommends

Also try treatments to improve the condition and appearance of your skin: ultrasound, radio wave, micro-puncturing, laser therapy, needle mesotherapy, tissue stimulators, various types of acids and organic substances, deep massages.

Collagen - is it worth it?

Collagen supplementation is especially recommended for people who are embarking on anti-ageing treatments and want to prevent a decrease in skin tone and firmness. There is also a significant effect of collagen supplementation for those struggling with scars and stretch marks. In my opinion, the effect of collagen on the appearance of the skin is noticeable to the naked eye and is also supported by numerous scientific studies.

Katarzyna SrebrCosmetologist

. .

Collagen not just for the skin

Marketing around collagen is built around its rejuvenating properties for women and effects on the skin. But that's not the only reason it's worth supplementing. Collagen glues your whole body together - literally (in Greek kolla means glueand).

Collagen is an essential building protein in your body. It forms skin, joints, muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, connective tissue and fibres. It accounts for 30% of all proteins in the body and up to 70% of the weight of the dermisand.

In addition to affecting the quality and appearance of the skin, collagen affects :

maintaining the integrity of tissues and organs,
processes of protection and repair in cartilage tissue,
maintaining the elasticity of blood vessels,
proper functioning of joints,
protection of internal organs,
regeneration of tissues and wound healing,

See also:

Summary

Around the age of 25, the body's natural production of collagen begins to decline.
The body's natural production of collagen begins to decline.
Collagen deficiency can be seen on the skin - wrinkles appear, the skin becomes less firm and elastic and the skin can take longer to heal.
Collagen can be replenished from within through supplementation. Using collagen creams does not work and does not improve the quality of your skin.
The best collagen is fish collagen hydrolysate in a daily dose of at least 2.5 g.
The effects of collagen can be seen on the skin after about 3 months of daily supplementation.
Collagen also affects the condition and appearance of nails, hair and the musculoskeletal system - joints, muscles and bones.

FAQ

What is the best form of collagen?

The best form of collagen is hydrolysed fish collagen (also called marine collagen) because it is highly bioavailable to the body thanks to peptides, which are more efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream due to their small size. Recommended fish collagen hydrolysate fish collagen can be found in Premium Collagen Rise&Shine.

Is it worth drinking collagen?

Yes, it is worth drinking collagen because it is a valuable protein that can have a positive effect not only on skin, but also on hair, nails, joints or immunity. The liquid form of collagen is well absorbed and much more convenient to supplement as you don't have to ingest several capsules.

Also liquid collagen or powder to dissolve usually contains more active ingredient than capsule formulations.

What are the contraindications to the use of collagen?

Collagen is a basic, building block protein found naturally in the body, so there are not many contraindications to use. Some of these include an allergy to fish or seafood (in the case of fish collagen). Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also be cautious. If you are allergic to an ingredient in a particular product, do not take it.

When to start collagen supplementation?

Natural collagen synthesis begins to decline after the age of 25, so it is worth considering supplementation at this age. By doing so, the skin's ageing process can be slowed down and already formed wrinkles and fine lines can be reduced.

Fish or bovine collagen - which is better?

Preferred is fish collagen, which is absorbed up to 1.5 times faster than beef collagen. This means that it is theoretically 1.5 times more effective than bovine collagen, with positive effects on beauty (skin, hair, nails) and health joints.

What is the best time to consume collagen?

You can drink collagen at any time of day. The effectiveness of these supplements does not depend on when you take them. What is important is that you find the right time which, allows you to maintain regularity supplementation. Regularity is essential to achieving healthy nails, supple skin and shiny hair.

Sources

See all

Alam, M., Walter, A. J., Geisler, A., Roongpisuthipong, W., Sikorski, G., Tung, R., & Poon, E. (2018). Association of Facial Exercise With the Appearance of Aging. JAMA Dermatology, 154(3), 365-367. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.5142

Al-Atif, H. (2022). Collagen Supplements for Aging and Wrinkles: A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Dermatology and Cosmetics. Dermatology Practical & Conceptual, e2022018-e2022018. https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1201a18

de Miranda, R. B., Weimer, P., & Rossi, R. C.. (2021). Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Dermatology, 60(12), 1449-1461. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15518

Kim, J., Lee, S. G., Lee, J., Choi, S., Suk, J., Lee, J. H., Yang, J. H., Yang, J. S., & Kim, J. (2022). Oral Supplementation of Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptides Reduces Skin Wrinkles and Improves Biophysical Properties of Skin: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study. Journal of Medicinal Food, 25(12), 1146-1154. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2022.K.0097

Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(3), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355523

Reilly, D. M., & Lozano, J. (2021). Skin collagen through the lifestages: Importance for skin health and beauty. Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 8, 2. https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2020.153

Seiberg, M. (2013). Age-induced hair greying-The multiple effects of oxidative stress. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(6), 532-538. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12090

Shoulders, M. D., & Raines, R. T. (2009). Collagen Structure and Stability. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 78(1), 929-958. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.032207.120833

Singh, A., & Yadav, S. (2016). Microneedling: Advances and widening horizons. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 7(4), 244-254. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.185468

Sørensen, L. T. (2012). Wound healing and infection in surgery: The pathophysiological impact of smoking, smoking cessation, and nicotine replacement therapy: a systematic review. Annals of Surgery, 255(6), 1069-1079. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e31824f632d

Stumpf, M., Krones, C. J., Klinge, U., Rosch, R., Junge, K., & Schumpelick, V. (2006). Collagen in colon disease. Hernia: The Journal of Hernias and Abdominal Wall Surgery, 10(6), 498-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-006-0149-4

Subramanian, E. (2001). G.N.. Ramachandran. Nature Structural Biology, 8(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/88544

Wang, B., Wang, Y.-M., Chi, C.-F., Luo, H.-Y., Deng, S.-G., & Ma, J.-Y. (2013). Isolation and Characterization of Collagen and Antioxidant Collagen Peptides from Scales of Croceine Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Marine Drugs, 11(11), 4641-4661. https://doi.org/10.3390/md11114641

Wang, B., Yang, W., McKittrick, J., & Meyers, M. A. (2016). Keratin: Structure, mechanical properties, occurrence in biological organisms, and efforts at bioinspiration. Progress in Materials Science, 76, 229-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.06.001

Wu, M., Cronin, K., & Crane, J. S. (2023). Biochemistry, Collagen Synthesis. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507709/

Yagoda MD, M. R., & Gans PhD, E. H. (2012). A Nutritional Supplement Formulated with Peptides, Lipids, Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Optimizes Key Aspects of Physical Appearance in Nails, Hair and Skin. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, s5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.S5-002

Jelonek, L. (2023). Collagen. Everything you need to know (B. Turczynski, ed.; 1st ed.). Natu.Care. https://books.google.com/books?vid=9788396887801

Rate the article

0.0

Vote cast

0 opinions, rating: 0.0